一文汇总各类Cross-L2可交互操作性解决方案

币界网Publicado a 2024-08-07Actualizado a 2024-08-07

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作者：HAOTIAN

最近 ，@VitalikButerin 称Cross-L2可交互操作方案不再是问题，虽然没明说具体所指项目，但结合评论区的精彩讨论，我总结了一些可解决Cross-layer2可交互操作性的Solutions，具体如下：

1）Based-Rollup

以太坊layer2阵营中，有一些追求Compatible等效性的项目，通过让layer2和layer1尽可能共享组件的方式，实现最大程度兼容EVM，使得layer2可以把排序器功能直接交给主网来完成。

具体而言，主网的Proposer在检索Mempool交易的过程中，可以利用类似MEV-Boost的特殊Route来抓取其中的Rollup Batch交易，进而直接在主网完成排序上链。代表项目 @taikoxyz

2）CrossChain-Rollup

强大的ZK技术提供了一种可以复杂环境同/异构链建立免信任机制的可能性，包括EVM- Compatible这类同构链间的可交互操作性，Cross-L2就属于此范畴，除此之外，ZK技术还能连接起EVM和Non-EVM等复杂无智能合约基础的可交互操作性。

具体而言，ZK技术框架会成为一种底层通信协议，通过Proof证明让同/异构链能够不查看对方具体数据仅验证Proof证明就能完成绝对安全和可信的消息传递。ZK-Rollup本质上就是链下layer2把大量数据计算成Proofs证明，然后让主网Rollup合约直接验证并Finality的过程。代表项目： @ProjectZKM  的Entangled Rollup Network统一流动性层。

3）Intent-Rollup

意图intent交易一直以来都被视为Crypto市场拥抱Mass Adoption的关键，它能容纳账户抽象、链抽象、AI Agent、Pre-Confirmation等诸多相关方向。意图交易本质上是把用户的需求“抽象化”实现可编程特性，继而通过一个去中心化Solver求解器平台来代理执行用户的需求，达到用户端交易体验的优化。

intent意图会是理想交易的最终归宿，可以降低用户Onboard进Crypto市场的门槛，为行业吸引增量用户。intent赛道理解起来并不难，但要把用户的模糊且复杂的需求编程化后由代理程序完美执行挑战会巨大，需要一个庞大的Solver求解器处理网络。代表项目： @dappOS_com

4）Layer2 Based-layer3

都知道头部layer2项目Arbitrum、Starknet、Optimism等都先后推出了layer3应用链战略，layer3应用链具备可定制特性，有各自独立的Tokenomics，还能自定义Gas，但是要依赖layer2的基础组件提供服务，最典型就是可交互操作性。

layer2链可基于自己的共享Sequencer、共享Prover等为layer3应用链提供跨应用链通信基础。代表项目： @arbitrum Orbit

5）Cosmos IBC Based -Rollup

Cosmos的IBC通信框架为所有接入Cosmos Hub的链提供了一种基础的可交互操作性能力，若将Cosmos IBC的能力专注到以太坊layer2生态中，就实现了一种基于Cosmos IBC可交互操作性达成的layer2可交互操作层。

这种方案会直接保留Cosmos SDK核心代码，在降低开发成本的同时，同时又能针对以太坊生态进行针对性的附加开发，继而让Cosmos通用可交互操作性能够完美落地到以太坊生态。代表项目： @Polymer_Labs

6）AVS Based -Rollup

Eigenlayer的中间件服务协议实现了一种可以让以太坊主网Validators将自身共识商品化输送到其他Rollup layer2或其他同/异构链的能力。

这种解决方案本质上是通过允许以太坊验证者重复质押LST代币，基于一套奖惩经济机制约束Validators来扩展到链外来向他链构造安全共识。若layer2都采用AVS来构造共识，相当于另一种经济驱动的Based-Rollup，主网组件就可以参与到layer2的跨链可交互过程中。代表项目： @alt_layer

7）Modular-Rollups

当模块化到一定程度后，Rollup as a Service范式会带动layer2一键发链的市场繁荣。届时一条layer2网络可能会共享Celestia的DA数据可用性层，还有Solana的VM或以太坊EVM等共享执行层，以及把以太坊当成这些Rollups的共享结算层。而要达到绝对的模块化协作，不同模块或者不同链间的跨链协作通信都是基础前提。代表项目： @AvailProject

……其他

Note：以让例举仅为我熟悉的几个方向，可能还不完整。同一方向同时在做且有差异化的项目也会有很多，大家可以在评论区补充。(都是以消灭中心化跨链桥和CEX资产中转站为目的）

希望Vitalik能够多跳出来发出这样的声音，但请不要明指向某个项目，To Vitalik创新的前提一定不是Vitalik喊单背书。当然，不乏有一些项目方向会挑战以太坊的核心地位，但以太坊的未来一定要跳出唯以太坊中心思维，跳出以太坊看以太坊“生态”才能观全貌，不是？

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