以太坊链上数据、技术进展和2024年看点

Odaily星球日报Publicado a 2023-12-26Actualizado a 2023-12-26

Resumen

现实世界中的资产代币化一直在获得动力,将更多的“旧世界”金融产品带到以太坊区块链上。

 ETH/BTC 汇率 & 链上数据对比

 自 10 月以来,截止到 12 月 15 日,BTC 涨幅为 57.5 %,而 ETH 涨幅为 48.34 %。尽管差异并不是很大,但 ETH 价格表现不如 BTC 的情况已经接近一年。

 BTC 的强势表现主要来源于 BTC 现货 ETF 的预期、产量减半周期临近以及近期 BTC 生态的兴起。虽然 ETH 短期内并没有类似的利好预期,但链上数据还是呈现出比较积极的信号。

以太坊链上数据、技术进展和2024年看点

首先,从最直观的卖压来看,自 6 月以来,BTC 在交易平台的余额一直持续下降,但在 12 月 5 日至 12 月 12 日有明显的反弹迹象。在此峰值之后,BTC 价格一度从跌至 4.1 万美元。

以太坊链上数据、技术进展和2024年看点

 相比于 BTC,ETH 在交易平台的余额波动性较小。自 2023 年 2 月以来,ETH 在交易平台的余额一直处于下降趋势。在 12 月 11 日至 13 日期间,ETH 在交易平台的余额也出现了小幅反弹,但反弹出现在市场价格下跌期间和之后。这表明,有部分投资者在市场短暂下跌之后选择将 ETH 转入交易平台套现。

以太坊链上数据、技术进展和2024年看点

另外,根据 Santiment 网站的数据,在社交热度方面,二者的总体趋势相似,但 BTC 热度明显高于 ETH。在 MVRV(流动市值与已实现市值的比值,常用于评估买卖压力)方面,二者的整体趋势相似,但幅度差别较大。截止 12 月 15 日,BTC 为 41.17 %,而 ETH 为 26.45 %,二者的数值都处于 6 个月以来的高点。

以太坊链上数据、技术进展和2024年看点

尽管以太坊最近涨幅不如比特币,但以太坊市场在机构兴趣方面的趋势变化仍然值得注意,这一现象在 2023 年 11 月之后变得更加明显。

根据链上数据网站 Cryptoquant 的图表,前段时间,当以太坊价格稳定在 1800-1900 美元期间,机构持有的 ETH 出现了明显反弹。Cryptoquant 认为,近期机构持有 ETH 数量激增表明,机构投资者的兴趣增长,以及对以太坊的长期价值和市场增长潜力的认可。该现象背后的原因不仅是 ETH 的价格稳定性和 ETH 现货 ETF 的潜在预期,还包括以太坊基本面的稳固和技术升级。

JP Morgan 在最近发布的 2024 年金融前景报告中,对加密货币行业表明了立场。报告指出,尽管 BTC 临近减产周期,但预计 ETH 明年的表现将优于 BTC。JP Morgan 认为即将到来的 EIP-4844 升级(Proto-dank sharding)是其性能的潜在催化剂,该升级将提高以太坊的网络效率和可扩展性,从而在市场上赢得优势。

另一方面,BTC 的减产利好因素已经被提前兑现到当前价格之中。BTC 区块奖励减半预计将增加生产成本,并有可能导致其哈希率下降 20 %。根据 JP Morgan 的说法,这可能会导致矿工的运营成本更高,并使效率较低的矿工撤出市场。

以太坊 Dencun 升级前的关键步骤启动

 根据核心开发人员共识电话会议的报告, 2023 年底,以太坊开发人员终于启用了 Dencun 升级前的关键步骤。以太坊开发人员表示,将在未来一到两周内与所有客户端一起启动 Goerli 影子分叉,测试 Cancun/ Deneb 升级。

Devnet 12 上的 Cancun/ Deneb 升级测试正在进行中。目前,所有执行层(EL)和共识层(CL)客户端组合(包括 PRYSM 客户端)已被加载到 Devnet 12 。MEV-BOOST 软件已被激活用于大多数客户端组合(除了 PRYSM 客户端组合)。

以太坊 Dencun 升级将给以太坊的两个主网层(执行层和共识层)带来变化。对执行层的升级称为 Cancun 升级,而共识层的升级称为 Deneb 升级,因此合称为 Dencun 升级。

Dencun 升级将通过实施名为 EIP-4844 的改进提议,来为 ETH 和L2进一步扩容。Dencun 升级代表了以太坊的路线图中的重要里程碑,升级完成后,L2的手续费将更加具有竞争力。

通过封装 zkEVM 将L2功能返还L1

 由于L2网络可以将交易打包在一起进行链下处理,然后再将交易带回主链,因此它是一种可改善以太坊可扩展性的方法,也是 Vitalik Buterin 在 2020 会议上提出的重点(当时以太坊网络上的费用飙升)。

最近,以太坊联合创始人 Vitalik Buterin 认为,随着“轻客户端”变得更强大,通过封装 zkEVM 把L2的功能返还给L1将是以太坊的下一步行动。Vitalik Buterin 提出将L2网络或 rollup 的一些功能返还给以太坊主链,这种“封装 zkEVM”(零知识以太坊虚拟机)的方法与他几年前将计算负载从以太坊主链转移到L2网络的观点相反。

在最近的博客文章中,Vitalik Buterin 指出了轻客户端的重要性,即剥离客户端软件的轻节点。这些轻客户端仅根据需要要求数据,而不是通过保留其数据副本来独立验证对区块链数据的变化。通常,轻客户端或轻节点主要是处理区块头,只是偶尔下载实际区块内容。

Vitalik Buterin 认为,随着其功能和数据的增加,这些轻客户端将变得更加强大,甚至可以像L2网络一样完全验证L1交易。届时,以太坊网络将有效地具有内置的 ZK-EVM。

ZK 零知识证明是一种加密协议,它允许一方对另一方证明交易的正确性,且无需提供任何特定的交易详细信息。另一方面,EVM 是以太坊的虚拟机,像计算机用来执行程序一样,EVM 实际负责执行智能合约。

目前,L2网络(如 PolygonScrollMatter Labs)都在使用零知识证明,这些平台是 DeFi 的主要利益相关者。因此,Vitalik Buterin 的封装 zkEVM 的方法可能会使这些平台失去一些动力。那么,如果 zkEVM 被封装并成为以太坊原始协议的一部分,L2的功能将会如何变化?

据 Vitalik Buterin 的说法,这些L2项目仍将负责许多重要职能。其中一些功能包括快速的预先确认,MEV 缓解策略以及对 EVM 的扩展。此外,封装 ZKEVM 的方法还将处理用户和面向开发人员的便利。他认为,“L2团队进行了许多工作,吸引了用户和项目进入其生态系统,并使其感到受欢迎;通过在网络中捕获 MEV 和交易拥堵费,L2们可以获得一定的利润补偿。这种关系将继续下去。”

2024 年 ETH 的主要看点

 Dencun 升级将在 2024 年 3 月或 4 月部署,通过 EIP-4844 ,以太坊L2的 gas 成本将大大降低,以太坊的可扩展性将得到改进。

以太坊链上数据、技术进展和2024年看点

以太坊L2活动正在持续增长,目前已经来到历史最高水平。根据 L 2B eat 近期的数据,整个生态系统的总价值为 160 亿美元。

目前的L2主要以 EVM 兼容型为主,例如 Arb, OP, Metis 等等。另外,Eclipse 和 Flyent 等非 EVM L2正在启动,将带来新型的应用程序和开发人员。加密游戏将主要基于L2生态系统,钱包用户体验将得到继续改善,使以太坊生态系统吸收更多的新用户。

最后,现实世界中的资产代币化一直在获得动力,将更多的“旧世界”金融产品带到以太坊区块链上。

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