华尔街不再为赚钱鼓掌

marsbitPublicado a 2026-05-04Actualizado a 2026-05-04

就在这周,硅谷五家最大的科技巨头密集交卷。

谷歌(Alphabet)、微软(Microsoft)、Meta、亚马逊(Amazon)、苹果(Apple),这五家合计市值超过 14 万亿美元的庞然大物,单季净利润总和已经逼近 1500 亿美元。

从财务表现看,这是一次集体大捷,五家公司的业绩全部超出华尔街预期,没有任何一家出现业务崩盘。

但股价的反馈,却展现出一种近乎残酷的割裂。

谷歌 Alphabet 股价在财报发布后飙升了 10%,苹果上涨 4%;而另一边,亚马逊股价几乎横盘,微软下跌 4%,Meta 更是直接砸出了 7% 的跌幅。

最高与最低之间,整整拉开了 17 个百分点的鸿沟。讽刺的是,这五家公司都在做同一件事,赚钱,而且赚得都比分析师预期的多。

过去两年,硅谷财报季遵循着一条潜规则。只要你宣称自己正在 All in AI,只要你在疯狂砸钱买芯片、建中心,市场就愿意为你买单。这是一种基于 AGI的未来溢价。

但在 2026 年的这个春天,这条规则彻底失效了。

一、同样的烧钱,不同的命数

要理解这种割裂,必须把谷歌和 Meta 放在一起看。

谷歌母公司Alphabet,一季度营收1099亿美元,同比增长22%。净利润626亿美元,账面同比增长81%,其中包含约369亿美元的非上市股权投资未实现收益。剔除这部分非经营性因素,核心经营利润的增幅在18%左右。盘后股价拉了10%。

Meta,一季度营收563亿美元,同比增长33%。增速比谷歌快了11个百分点。盘后跌了7%。

增速更快的那个,反而被资本投了反对票。

谷歌赢在什么地方?赢在每一笔AI投入,都能指向一个正在兑现的收入。

谷歌云单季收入突破200亿美元,同比增长63%。利润率从一年前的17.8%跳到了32.9%,不只是在长,而且越长越赚钱。

搜索那边,查询量创历史新高,广告收入涨了19%,达到604亿美元。两年前所有人都在说AI会杀死搜索引擎,但事实正好相反,AI让搜索变得更好用了,用的人更多了,广告主也更愿意花钱了。付费订阅用户总数3.5亿。云业务积压订单从上一季度的约2400亿美元翻倍到4620亿美元。

华尔街看到的是一条闭合的回路:花钱建AI基础设施,云收入跟着涨,搜索收入跟着涨,利润率也在扩张。钱出去了,能看见钱回来。

Meta的数字本身其实很好。广告系统Advantage+把获客成本平均压低了14%,部分品类的广告投放回报率提升了三成以上。单季563亿美元营收,利润率41%,放在哪家公司都是顶级水准。

但市场盯住的是另一件事。Meta把2026全年资本开支上调到了1250亿至1450亿美元,比上个季度给的指引又高了100亿美元。

这笔钱花出去之后,对应的AI收入增量在哪里?广告效率确实在提升,但广告效率的提升能不能撑得住每年1400多亿美元的投入?电话会上没有给出让市场满意的答案。

游戏规则变了。过去是你敢花钱我就给你加估值。现在的问题只有一个:花出去的钱,回来了多少?

二、叙事的崩塌与越赚越穷的悖论

如果说 Meta 输在回报路径,那么微软则输在了故事的终结。

FY2026第三财季(截至3月31日)营收829亿美元,同比增长18%,全面超预期。Azure增速40%。AI业务年化收入超过370亿美元,同比增长123%。

盘后跌了约4%。

原因不在这些数字里,在财报发布前一天。4月28日,OpenAI的GPT-5.5正式上架了亚马逊AWS的Bedrock平台。

过去两年,微软的AI叙事建立在一个前提上,是OpenAI的独家云伙伴,全世界最强的AI模型只在Azure上跑。这给Azure带来了大量客户迁移,也支撑了微软在AI时代的估值溢价。

这个前提现在忽然变了。OpenAI跟AWS签下了380亿美元、期限七年的算力采购协议。GPT-5.5同时可以在Azure和AWS上调用。

微软CFO在电话会上提到一句:我们不再给OpenAI付分成。

表面上在止血,但华尔街听出来的意思是,最大的AI合作方正在走远。

横向一比就更明显,谷歌云63%的增速,AWS 28%还在加速,Azure的40%在三朵云里排了个中间。本身不差,但放在这个语境下,成了没有惊喜的那一个。

微软赚钱的能力没问题。问题在于托起它估值的那个故事出现了裂痕。利润表装不下叙事的损失。

而亚马逊(AWS)则展示了 AI 时代的另一个残酷真相:越赚钱,反而剩得越少。

亚马逊的云业务虽然在加速,AWS收入376亿美元,同比增长28%,15个季度以来最快。公司整体营业利润239亿美元。

但过去12个月的自由现金流只有12亿美元。一年前是259亿美元。跌了95%。

管理层说得坦诚:在产能开始商业化、收入增速跑过资本开支增速之前,自由现金流会承压。

这就是资产倒挂,为了接住那 3600 亿美元的算力订单,亚马逊每天要睁眼烧掉 5 亿美元去抢电力、建中心。

这种重资产消耗战让亚马逊陷入了一种高位平衡,市场选择不涨不跌,是在等它证明。

三、不战而胜的苹果

在这场杀红了眼的军备竞赛中,苹果反倒成了最有定力的那个。

2026财年第二季度(截至3月28日)财报显示,营收1112亿美元,同比增长17%,创三月季度历史新高。iPhone 17系列需求强劲,大中华区收入同比增长28%。服务收入310亿美元,历史最高。

盘后涨了约4%。业绩好、股价涨,看起来理所当然。

但多想一步就会发现不同,苹果这个季度宣布了1000亿美元股票回购,同时提高了派息。

在谷歌花1900亿美元、微软花1900亿美元、Meta花1450亿美元、亚马逊花2000亿美元搞AI基建的同一周,苹果拿出1000亿美元回购自己的股票。

苹果几乎不参与这场AI军备竞赛。不建数据中心,不训大模型,AI功能靠合作方和端侧小模型。

过去一年华尔街一直说苹果AI落后了。但这周的股价反应说了另一件事,当所有人都在往外掏钱的时候,手里有余粮的那个反而最让人安心。

苹果也没法完全置身事外。台积电3nm产能被AI芯片挤占,A19芯片供应紧张,iPhone造不够。全球内存涨价推高了硬件成本,苹果预计下季度毛利率从49.3%降到47.5%-48.5%之间。

库克在电话会上的原话是:第三财季过后,内存成本对业务的影响将持续加大。

这就是全球化时代的连带成本,即便你不直接参战,你也要为昂贵的炮弹买单。

四、7000亿美元的新规则

五份财报叠在一起看,能看到一个比任何一家公司的季度数字都更大的东西。

2026年,谷歌、微软、Meta、亚马逊四家公司的全年资本开支指引合计逼近7000亿美元。

以各家指引区间中高值估算:谷歌约1850亿美元,微软1900亿美元,Meta约1350亿美元,亚马逊超过2000亿美元。两年前四家合计约2450亿美元,涨了近两倍。

7000亿美元超过了以色列全年的GDP。四家公司一年花在AI基础设施上的钱,比大多数国家一年创造的全部财富还多。

但这一周的股价说明,花钱本身已经不算好消息了。

过去两年市场给的是信仰分,你在投AI,你看好未来,我就给你估值溢价。

这一周开始要看验证分,你投了多少不重要,投出去的钱变成了什么才重要。

谷歌涨了,因为1900亿美元的capex已经在变成云收入、广告收入和利润率的扩张,能算、能看、能量化。

Meta跌了,因为1450亿美元的投入指向的回报路径还不够清楚。微软跌了,因为撑住AI估值的叙事出了裂缝。

亚马逊原地不动,市场在等它证明越赚越穷只是阶段性的。苹果涨了,因为在所有人都在掏钱的时候,还有余力给股东分红的那个看起来最像一家正常运转的公司。

AI投资从信仰阶段跨进了验证阶段。这道坎,在这一周被正式踩过。

五、比财报更大的事

这一周的五份财报,讲的不只是五家公司的季度成绩。

2024年初全世界在问AI会不会是泡沫。2025年,问题变成了AI能不能赚钱。

到了2026年春天,问题又换了一层:AI当然能赚钱,但钱被谁赚走了?

同一周,OpenAI发布了GPT-5.5,API定价翻了三倍。DeepSeek发布了V4,全线降到原价的十分之一。Anthropic的Claude Mythos被内部评估为能力过强,暂不对外发布。

三家AI原生公司,三条完全不同的路。

但有一件事是共通的。三家都跑在别人的基础设施上。OpenAI跑在Azure和AWS上,Anthropic跑在AWS上,DeepSeek靠英伟达和华为的芯片。模型公司做创新,基础设施公司收账单。

一百五十年前淘金热的逻辑在重演,挖到金子的人未必赚钱,卖水和牛仔裤的一定赚。今天的水是算力合同,牛仔裤是数据中心。

区别在于代价。这一轮的铲子,远比一百五十年前昂贵得多。7000亿美元一年,而且在加速。

摩根士丹利估算,2026到2028年间仅美国数据中心就将面临约55GW的电力缺口。2026年一季度,全球大模型的周token消耗量从年初的6.4万亿暴涨到22.7万亿,单季涨了250%。

Meta规划中的两座数据中心容量目标合计6GW,OpenAI的星门计划四年内目标10GW。这些公司下单的时候,用的单位已经从美元换成了吉瓦。

AI竞赛的壁垒正在转移。算法可以开源,芯片可以采购,但电力容量、数据中心选址、冷却系统、长期供电合同,这些东西不能下载,不能复制,建一座最快也要两到三年。

硅谷过去二十年靠代码改变世界。但AI时代的竞争门槛,正在从代码转向混凝土和铜线。

科技行业正在经历一轮底层逻辑的翻转:从轻到重,从软到硬,从写出来到建出来。

谁先铺好基础设施,谁就拿到下一个十年的定价权。一百五十年前铁路是这个逻辑,今天算力也是。

【版面之外】的话:

五家公司都在赚钱,也都超了预期。但市场只奖励了一家半,谷歌和苹果。一个拿出了花钱有回报的证据,一个拿出了不花钱也能活得好的证据。

剩下三家并没做错什么。Meta的广告强劲,微软的Azure在涨,亚马逊的AWS提速。可是“还在涨”这三个字,两年前值一个涨停,今天只值一个不跌。

这大概是这个财报季最值得记住的一件事。当所有人都在增长的时候,增长就不再稀缺了。稀缺的变成了另一样东西:证据。

证明你花出去的每一分钱,都正在以可预期、可验证的方式,回到你的口袋里。

本文来自微信公众号“版面之外”,作者:画画

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