BNB Chain’s Fermi hard fork goes live as on-chain activity returns to 2021 levels

ambcryptoPublished on 2026-01-14Last updated on 2026-01-14

Abstract

BNB Chain activated its Fermi hard fork on 14 January 2026, significantly reducing block times from 0.75 to 0.45 seconds to enhance network performance. This upgrade, including BEP-619 and BEP-590, addresses growing strain as on-chain activity returns to 2021 levels with 2–3 million daily active addresses. However, total value locked remains at $7bn, far below its $20bn peak, creating higher risks of congestion and transaction issues. Fermi aims to ensure stability and faster finality for DeFi and trading amid increased user activity with thinner liquidity.

BNB Chain activated its Fermi hard fork on 14 January 2026 at 02:30 UTC, marking one of its most significant performance upgrades since the network’s Pascal and Maxwell releases.

The upgrade will reduce block times from 0.75 seconds to 0.45 seconds, bringing BNB Smart Chain closer to the fastest production speeds among major blockchains.

But the timing of the upgrade is not just technical. It arrives as BNB Chain usage has surged back toward levels last seen during the 2021 bull market, even though total value locked [TVL] remains far below its previous peak.

This combination puts growing strain on the network.

BNB Chain users are back — but capital hasn’t fully followed

Data from DefiLlama shows a sharp rise in active addresses on BNB Chain throughout 2025 into early 2026.

Daily active addresses have climbed into the 2–3 million range, approaching the highs recorded during the DeFi and retail trading boom of 2021.

However, the capital backing that activity tells a different story.

BNB Chain’s TVL has recovered only modestly, rising to roughly $7bn compared with a peak above $20bn in 2021. In other words, the network now supports a much larger number of users with far less liquidity per user.

That imbalance matters. High transaction volume with thinner liquidity increases the risk of:

  • network congestion
  • failed or delayed transactions
  • MEV spikes
  • unstable DeFi execution
  • It is exactly this environment that Fermi is designed to address.

What the BNB Chain Fermi hard fork changes

The Fermi upgrade introduces a package of protocol improvements aimed at keeping BNB Chain stable as transaction throughput rises.

The headline change is BEP-619, which cuts block times from 0.75 seconds to 0.45 seconds, allowing the network to process blocks nearly 40% faster.

Alongside that, BEP-590 strengthens fast-finality voting rules. This ensures that blocks reach irreversible status reliably even as they are produced more frequently. This is crucial for DeFi and trading platforms that rely on rapid, predictable settlement.

Why this upgrade is happening now

BNB Chain has already demonstrated it can handle high TVL. The challenge it faces now is high-velocity usage with thinner liquidity buffers.

With millions of users transacting daily but far less capital locked in smart contracts than during the last cycle, the margin for error is much smaller.

Delays, congestion, or finality issues would have a much greater impact on traders, protocols, and consumer apps.

What happens next

Validators and node operators were required to upgrade to BSC v1.6.4 or later ahead of the 02:30 UTC activation. Following the fork, nodes will regenerate snapshots and re-index logs on first startup.

As activity continues to climb, the success of Fermi will be a key test of whether BNB Chain can remain competitive as one of the world’s most heavily used blockchains.


Final Thoughts

  • BNB Chain activated the Fermi hard fork on 14 January 2026, introducing faster block times and stronger finality as network usage climbs back toward 2021 levels.
  • Active addresses have surged while TVL remains far below its peak, making performance upgrades essential to support high-volume DeFi, trading, and consumer activity.

Related Questions

QWhat is the main purpose of the Fermi hard fork on BNB Chain?

AThe main purpose of the Fermi hard fork is to significantly improve the network's performance by reducing block times and strengthening fast-finality voting rules, which is essential to handle the surge in active users and transaction volume even though the total value locked (TVL) is lower than the 2021 peak.

QBy how much did the Fermi upgrade reduce the block time on BNB Chain?

AThe Fermi upgrade reduced the block time from 0.75 seconds to 0.45 seconds, allowing the network to process blocks nearly 40% faster.

QWhat is the key difference between BNB Chain's current user activity and its capital (TVL) compared to 2021?

AWhile daily active addresses have surged back to the 2-3 million range, similar to the 2021 bull market levels, the total value locked (TVL) has only modestly recovered to roughly $7 billion, which is far below its peak of over $20 billion in 2021.

QWhich specific BEP proposals were implemented as part of the Fermi upgrade and what do they do?

AThe Fermi upgrade implemented BEP-619, which cuts block times, and BEP-590, which strengthens fast-finality voting rules to ensure blocks reach irreversible status reliably even with more frequent production.

QWhy was the timing of the Fermi upgrade considered crucial for the BNB Chain network?

AThe timing was crucial because the network is experiencing high user activity with much thinner liquidity buffers, increasing the risks of congestion, failed transactions, and MEV spikes. The upgrade was designed to address this specific high-velocity, low-liquidity environment to maintain stability and competitiveness.

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