观点:鲍威尔正在延长美国的经济痛苦

Cointelegraph中文Published on 2022-09-24Last updated on 2022-09-24

Abstract

杰罗姆•鲍威尔拒绝以必要的速度加息,正在延长经济痛苦。是时候撕下创可贴了。

我们是否都认为美联储有应对失控通胀的计划?他们有。美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔(Jerome Powell)几乎承认了这一点。在前几次加息之前,鲍威尔的言论有所缓和,为市场反弹留出了回旋余地,但这次他什么都没有留下。有必要对经济造成一些破坏,并对劳动力市场和工资增长施加下行压力,以阻止通货膨胀的蔓延。不管你是否认同这一逻辑,还是像埃隆•马斯克一样认为,这种举动可能导致通货紧缩,都无关紧要。

最重要的是那些投票赞成加息的人的想法,有大量证据表明,在利率超过4%之前,他们是不会停止加息的。加息75个基点只会让我们朝着这个方向前进。这是第三次加息75个基点,而且我们一直被告知,这不会是最后一次。虽然这些加息已经成为历史,但它们延长了与之相关的经济痛苦。美联储是时候对美国经济的现状和发展方向坦诚相待了。

杰罗姆•鲍威尔曾表示,他的目标是让美国经济实现软着陆。不过,他也说过,“我们保证价格稳定的责任是无条件的。”

只不过他想要实现的软着陆是科幻小说里的情节。这是那些关注形势的人不相信的。前纽约联邦储备银行行长William Dudley也承认了这一点,他说:“他们将努力避免衰退。他们将努力实现软着陆。问题是,目前几乎不存在这样做的空间。”

克利夫兰联邦储备银行行长Loretta Mester是投票赞成加息的12位成员之一,她和鲍威尔一样认为,美联储需要将利率提高到4%以上,并保持在这一水平。只剩下一个问题,不是利率最终会上升到什么水平,而是美联储为什么坚持拖延痛苦?

毫无疑问,150个基点的加息将真正撼动市场。加息75个基点,并承诺还会进一步加息,也是如此。一次冒险是有好处的。如果加息一次,鲍威尔本可以站出来,明确地阐明前进的道路。他本可以向华尔街、美国民众和全球贸易伙伴保证,加息150个基点是降低通胀所需的灵丹妙药,任何其他举措都将没有很大作用。相反,鲍威尔在周三的新闻发布会上指出,到今年年底还需要再加息100或125个基点。

与大多数变化一样,明确的沟通是获得认同的最重要因素。现在,交易员们感到被背叛了。一开始,美联储的预测显示,75个基点的加息是历史性的,不太可能复制。然而,通货膨胀依然存在。从长远来看,诚实的做法会在前端造成更多的动荡,让治疗开始得更快。

布鲁金斯学会的一项名为《了解新冠肺炎时代的美国通胀》的研究得出了一个不足为奇的结论:美联储“如果想在2024年底前成功将通胀率降至2%,可能需要将失业率推高至远高于4.1%的预期水平。”

十多年来,美联储一直将利率保持在历史低点。投资者、企业和社会已经开始将接近零利率视为常态。可以理解的是,这种迅速背离常态的做法令市场感到不安。其影响远远超出了市场,对国家债务的影响甚至更加令人痛苦。

然而,加息正在到来。这是毫无疑问的。继续加息75个基点和一些类似的额外加息的猜谜游戏,在某种程度上更容易接受,因为市场并不认为一次性加息纯粹是一派胡言。市场和投资者都应该知道真相。同样重要的是,社会应该开始走上复苏之路。我们本可以今天早上就开始。相反,它将在未来几个月到来。

任何对市场的冲击都会同时影响到数字资产和传统资产。要想再次出现牛市,监管改革势在必行。这至少要到明年才能实现。美联储越早达到它的神奇数字,经济复苏就会越快开始。这样一来,加密社区应该更倾向于加快时间表。撕下创可贴,让伤口开始愈合,同时制定监管指导方针。然后,加密货币将处于一个可能再次盛开的位置。

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