摩根大通在区块链和加密领域搞了哪些事情？

FastDailyPublished on 2022-09-17Last updated on 2022-09-17

Abstract

本文是对摩根大通在加密世界里尝试的系统梳理。都说历史是最好的镜子，看看投资巨头的加密发展路径，对当下处于熊市的我们，也是非常重要的参考。

2017 年，摩根大通首席执行官Jamie Dimon将比特币称为欺诈行为，并表示任何交易加密货币的摩根大通交易员都将“在几秒钟内被解雇”。打脸来的如此之快，两年后，摩根大通成为第一家推出自己的代币 JPM Coin 的美国主要银行。它还成为第一家向其财富管理客户提供比特币和其他加密货币资金的美国主要银行。

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摩根大通对加密货币态度的戏剧性转变持续存在。在本文中，我们使用 Blockdata 数据来揭示摩根大通在区块链和加密领域的战略重点，该银行最近的投资、收购和合作伙伴关系突出了这一点。

摩根大通在加密和区块链领域的演变

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摩根大通一直“从善如流”。

尽管是一家成熟的银行，摩根大通一直试图尽早探索现代技术如何影响金融服务。这从其投资和创新战略中可见一斑。摩根大通与区块链的关联可以追溯到 2015 年。

摩根大通最初涉足区块链行业

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2015 年，该银行与 BBVA 和巴克莱银行等 8 家银行组成 R3 财团，首次涉足区块链领域。

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此后，摩根大通于 2016 年 2 月启动了区块链技术的试运行，此次尝试主要想测试摩根大通到底有没有应对压力的能力，这种压力主要来自使用区块链和加密货币的在线贷方和支付系统日益激烈的竞争。同年 10 月，该银行推出了自有区块链 Quorum，这是一个内部开发的平台，是以太坊网络的私有版本。

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摩根大通 于 2017 年 4 月结束了与 R3 财团的合作，离开 R3 去追求一个单独的技术目标。

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摩根大通于 2018 年推出了 Dromaius，这是一个原型，主要用于测试以太坊区块链技术的使用。在此期间，该银行正在试验区块链如何帮助降低成本并确保资本市场内的交易更容易。

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2019 年，摩根大通推出了 JPM Coin，这是一种代表法定货币（即 1 个硬币等于 1 美元）的数字代币，使用区块链技术在机构客户之间转移支付。该代币在 Quorum 区块链上运行，目前已获得摩根大通的批准，可供特定的大型机构投资者和客户使用。JPM Coin 能够支持高级支付类型，例如 PvP（支付对支付）、DvP（交付对支付）、机器对机器支付和传统的跨境支付。JPM Coin 有三种实际用途：

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>为大型国际企业客户提供一天中任何时间的实时支付交易

>安全交易

>允许使用摩根大通资金服务的大公司替换他们在世界各地子公司中持有的美元

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过去两年专注于创新和扩张

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摩根大通希望扩展到稳定币之外。2020 年 5 月，它开始提供现金管理服务，并决定为美国的 Coinbase 和 Gemini 客户处理基于美元的交易。

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2020 年 8 月，它将其区块链 Quorum 出售给了 ConsenSys。

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在那年 10 月不久之后，该银行推出了第二个区块链 Onyx，以在金融服务行业转向数字货币。Onyx 是一个基于区块链的系统，可满足以下需求：

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>它的第一个产品是 JP Morgan 的 Liink，它是一个综合网络，允许机构无缝共享支付相关数据

>第二个产品是下一代 coin 系统，使企业客户能够使用多银行共享分类帐进行可编程、实时、多币种的支付。（目前正在开发中，不作为实时产品提供。）

>名单上的第三个是区块链网络 Onyx 数字资产，旨在在不同类型的数字资产之间交换价值。

>最后是区块链启动部门，完全致力于引入新的应用程序、网络和共享平台技术。

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摩根大通也是首批为其财富管理客户提供比特币和其他加密货币基金的美国主要银行之一。

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2021 年 3 月，摩根大通推出了 Cryptocurrency Exposure Basket，这是一种债务工具，通过 11 只比特币代理股票提供加密货币敞口。虽然它不直接投资于加密货币，但它包括在总共 11 家接触加密货币的公司中的职位，其中包括 MicroStrategy、Block (Square)、Riot Blockchain 和 NVIDIA。

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几个月后，即 2021 年 7 月，它成为第一家向其主要财富管理客户提供 6 种加密货币基金的美国银行，以将比特币和其他加密货币添加到其投资组合中。

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该银行在2022年没有放缓前进的步伐

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1 月，Bahrain 中央银行与 Onyx 合作完成了对 JPM Coin 的测试，允许 ABC 银行在美国为 Aluminum Bahrain (ALBA) 推出实时支付服务。

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2022 年 2 月，摩根大通通过在 Decentraland 推出基于区块链的 3D 虚拟世界浏览器 Onyx 休息室，成为第一家在元宇宙中建立服务的银行。该银行计划通过其虚拟存在，利用元空间中的潜在增长机会。

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2022 年 5 月，摩根大通测试使用区块链进行抵押品结算。首次交易发生在 5 月 20 日，当时摩根大通的两个实体转移了 Black Rock Inc. 货币市场基金份额的代币化代表。

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2022 年 6 月，Onyx Digital Assets 负责人表示，摩根大通计划将数万亿美元的代币化资产引入 DeFi。这将帮助 DeFi 用户利用非加密资产产生收益的潜力，这为公司和整个区块链行业提供了巨大的机会。

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摩根大通在加密/区块链领域的投资和合作伙伴关系

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摩根大通的加密和区块链战略扩展到内部研发之外。这家银行还通过战略合作伙伴关系和投资探索了这一领域。

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以下是摩根大通过去 5 年的合作伙伴名单：

以下是摩根大通过去 5 年的投资：

尽管加密货币世界动荡，摩根大通仍在继续招聘

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2021 年 11 月，摩根大通有 100 多个与区块链相关的职位空缺，从软件开发人员和工程师到区块链研究人员。从 2021 年 11 月到 2022 年 3 月，该公司的招聘人数增加了 80% 以上。其中超过三分之一的职位来自银行的区块链部门 Onyx。

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摩根大通的三名高管（Eric Wragge、Samir Shah 和 Puja Samuel）于 2022 年 7 月离开公司，加入加密公司。

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摩根大通在加密/区块链领域的下一步是什么？

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摩根大通热衷于追求区块链行业的长期目标。未来，摩根大通的区块链技术可以将加密经济中的 DeFi 平台与机构投资者连接起来。

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2022 年 1 月，摩根大通预测比特币的期限价格到年底可能达到 150,000 美元，突显了其对即将到来的区块链项目的乐观态度。

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该银行还预计，当前的去杠杆周期（这在加密公司中很常见）可能不会持续下去。这是因为风险资本投资是加密货币系统的主要资金来源，目前正处于高峰期。摩根大通还计划将美国国债或货币市场基金份额代币化，以用作 DeFi 池中的抵押品。这可以帮助银行为 DeFi 带来数万亿美元的代币化资产。

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