从可组合性看 Aptos 的 “生不逢时”

吴说区块链Published on 2022-09-01Last updated on 2022-09-01

Abstract

Aptos 的出场可谓众星捧月,和 Solana 一样,它使用的新的共识协议,并以高性能自居。

Aptos 的出场可谓众星捧月,和 Solana 一样,它使用的新的共识协议,并以高性能自居。事实上仅从编程语言来看,Move 的确在提升性能方面有一定优势,并且代码安全性较高,它是最有潜力构建出像 Solidity 这样的生态系统,甚至超越 Solidity 的智能合约编程语言。如果 Aptos 在两年前甚至更早的时候上线,我会对它抱有极大期待,然而现在很可能生不逢时。

可组合性

编程语言的可组合性是构建区块链应用生态的一个重要因素,可组合性高的语言有利于建立应用之间的交互操作。

Move 最初作为 Libra 链的智能合约编程语言,设计之初就考虑到了不同的应用场景。据称,Move 团队在尝试将 Move 运行在 EVM 之上,虽然会损失合约之间的传递资源的特性,但有助于 Move 生态的扩展以及 Move 生态和 Solidity 生态的融合。

Solidity 通过指令和链交互带来的一个问题是 EVM 生态完全和链绑定了,运行生态就需要模拟一个链的环境,这限制了 Solidity 拓展到其他场景。而 Move 在扩展应用场景方面有先天优势。

Solidity 符合目前大多数人对智能合约语言的需求,开发者们认为智能合约编程语言的应用场景仅仅在区块链上,类似于数据库中的存储过程脚本。Move 则是追求将智能合约编程语言扩展至其他应用场景,使其成为一种通用的编程语言,这超出了大多数开发者的需求。

流动性割裂

作为单体链,Aptos 最大优势在于所有的应用都处于同一个层,它们相互之间具有极大的可组合性,这也是 Solana 的一大优势。

但事实上我们不可能创造出一条完美的区块链,我们只能先搭建一个框架,然后不断地完善零部件,这也是为什么当下的区块链正在朝着模块化的方向去发展,例如 Rollup 技术。这些区块链将不同层分离出来,并行的层之间不会相互影响,开发者可以对不同层进行逐个优化。

未来的区块链架构必定是模块化的,公链赛道的技术供应商应当重点考虑如何为区块链架构提供可搭建的乐高,而不是执着于开发最好的公链。因此个人认为公链赛道下一个周期的炒作热点是模块化,但 Aptos 此时却仍在追求更好的性能、更好的编程语言或是更好的共识协议,这未免有点换汤不换药。我不否认 Move 有可能超越 Solidity 成为更好的区块链语言,但如果程序员们都热衷于此,那么未来一定还会出现比 Move 更优秀的语言。难道每次出现一种新语言或是新共识,我们都要乐此不疲地从头开始搭建生态吗?看看现在的链上流动性已经被割裂得何等破碎了,用户更在意的是谁能把这些流动性聚合在一起。

Aptos 创始人 Mo Shaikh 表示正在考虑在其网络上支持包括 Solidity 在内的以太坊开发语言。不过,目前 Aptos 公布的信息只有源代码,从语言结构来看 Move 和 Solidity 存在很大差异,能否实现兼容 EVM 将是决定 Aptos 前景的重要因素。

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