半导体指数跌入熊市,高盛悄然转向三大替代投资主题

华尔街见闻Published on 2026-07-21Last updated on 2026-07-21

Abstract

美股芯片板块跌入熊市后,高盛建议投资者跳出AI交易,重点关注三大替代方向:消费体验股、复利增长型企业和并购潜在标的,以分散AI波动风险,把握新的市场投资机会。

半导体板块深陷熊市泥潭,令AI交易的吸引力大打折扣。高盛分析师团队随即推出三大替代投资主题,为寻求规避AI波动风险的投资者提供新的布局方向。

以英伟达、美光科技等AI芯片股为核心成分的费城半导体指数(SOX),已较约一个月前触及的盘中高点下跌逾20%,正式步入熊市区间。据MarketWatch报道,高盛分析师团队在上周五发布的研报中指出,AI基础设施股票的"痛苦波动"已促使投资者将目光转向AI主题以外的领域。

高盛由Ben Snider领衔的分析师团队由此提出三大替代方向:消费体验股、复利增长型企业(Compounders),以及并购潜在标的。这三类资产在估值、增长逻辑及风险特征上各有侧重,共同构成高盛在当前市场环境下的非AI投资框架。

消费体验股:抗AI扰动,估值具吸引力

高盛推荐的第一个主题是消费体验股。

高盛认为,这类股票"能够以合理估值获取消费者体验支出强劲长期增长的敞口,且受AI颠覆的风险有限"。

从数据来看,体验类消费支出增速已显著提速——涵盖运动中心、公园、剧院、博物馆及博彩等领域的体验消费增速,从2025年第一季度的1%(同期广义服务消费增速为2%)跃升至2026年第一季度的6%(同期广义服务消费增速仍为2%)。

高盛指出,这类消费在收入分布上偏向高端群体,且体验的实体属性使其相较于其他服务类别更能抵御AI的冲击。高盛在市值20亿美元以上的公司中筛选出36只候选标的。该主题的主要风险在于消费者健康状况恶化,包括油价上涨或劳动力市场走软。

复利增长型企业:质量溢价处于十年低位

第二个主题聚焦于高盛所称的"复利增长型企业"——即那些能够持续实现盈利增长、维持较高资本回报率并具备强劲自由现金流转化能力的公司。

高盛在罗素1000指数中,按历史及预期每股盈利增速、自由现金流转化率、投入资本回报率等多项成长与质量指标进行综合筛选,最终构建出包含15只个股的篮子,并明确剔除了"与AI最直接相关的股票,包括基础设施支出受益者及被认为面临颠覆风险的公司"。

估值方面,该篮子中位股的市盈率为22倍,高于标普500等权指数的16倍,但高盛测算,这一相对估值已接近十年低位。高盛认为,宏观环境与盈利增长前景均将对该类股票的估值形成支撑,但美联储转向鸽派或经济增长前景全面改善,将构成该主题的主要风险。

并购潜在标的:交易浪潮提供套利机会

第三个主题着眼于并购潜在标的。

高盛数据显示,今年并购活动大幅升温,已公告交易规模达1.2万亿美元,较2025年同期增长32%;已公告交易数量亦增加12%,其中40%集中于计算机与电子及医疗健康领域,但整体活动已扩散至多个行业。

高盛认为,宽松的金融条件、稳健的经济增长、较高的CEO信心以及友好的监管环境,共同构成并购活动持续推进的宏观支撑。该篮子包含71家公司,高盛分析师评估其被收购概率均超过15%。该主题的主要风险在于市场情绪转弱,进而威胁当前的并购周期。

AI交易降温,资金寻求再平衡

上述三大主题的推出,折射出当前市场的结构性变化。

费城半导体指数的熊市信号,标志着过去两年主导市场的AI叙事正面临阶段性考验,部分资金开始主动寻求分散配置。

从更广泛的市场表现来看,标普500指数年内仍上涨约8.94%,纳斯达克综合指数年内涨幅约9.80%,但过去一个月分别下跌0.57%和3.76%,显示科技板块承压明显。高盛此时推出非AI替代框架,时机上与市场情绪的微妙转变高度吻合,也为投资者在AI交易波动加剧背景下提供了一套可操作的再平衡思路。

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