美联储决议倒计时!PCE“硬数据”能否引爆年底行情?

marsbitPublished on 2025-12-04Last updated on 2025-12-05

消费者支出

在经历了一个月的市场波动后,美国股市已逐步回升并逼近历史高位。然而,对持续通胀的忧虑以及不断走弱的消费者信心数据,仍令投资者在美联储年度最后一次政策会议前夕保持谨慎。

在此背景下,将于周五发布的9月个人消费支出价格指数(PCE)——美联储最为关注的通胀指标——对市场显得尤为关键。这份虽然数据采集期较早但内容全新的报告,被寄望能提供基于“硬数据”的现实检验,以帮助判断当前低迷的经济情绪是否合理,或是再次证实其与实际情况存在偏差。

Nationwide首席市场策略师马克·哈克特指出:“周五的PCE数据之所以受到更密切的关注,是因为近期的一些‘软数据’(如调查问卷)准确性存在疑问。”他进一步解释:“目前我们获得的数据存在不完整或滞后的问题,因此PCE报告有助于填补信息缺口。

在市场需要明确指引时,过度依赖某些不稳定的软数据指标对投资者而言构成了挑战。” 当前,投资者正努力解读一系列关于美国经济健康状况的相互矛盾信号。

一方面,ADP私营部门就业报告等劳动力市场数据和消费者信心调查暗示衰退风险不容忽视,显示出招聘步伐放缓以及求职者增多的现象。

另一方面,从Dollar General和Macy's等公司的最新财报来看,消费者支出依然表现出韧性。

此外,“黑色星期五”期间实体店和线上消费达数十亿美元的盛况,也对当前物价压力和劳动力市场疲软会立即抑制消费的观点提出了挑战——至少现阶段是如此。

哈克特认为,这种经济信号的分化使得PCE报告,连同个人支出与收入数据,对投资者“异常重要”,尤其是在市场空头正大肆宣扬消费者疲软叙事的情况下。他补充道,任何显示消费依然强劲的证据都可能为股市的年底反弹行情增添动力。

据《华尔街日报》调查的经济学家预测,9月份整体PCE环比预计上涨0.3%,而更关键的核心PCE环比涨幅预计为0.2%。预计9月整体PCE年率将维持在2.9%,核心PCE年率可能微降至2.8%。

尽管美联储官员担心通胀可能持续高于2%的目标,但外界仍预期他们会在下周的会议上决定降息,以期支持略显疲软的就业市场。根据CME美联储观察工具,期货市场交易员目前认为美联储在下周三降息25个基点的可能性较高。

Natixis Investment Managers Solutions的首席投资组合策略师杰克·亚纳西维茨表示,政策制定者更有可能“着眼于未来”而非过度依赖滞后的通胀数据,因为等待所有数据明确可能导致行动过晚。他进一步分析,当前经济放缓——尤其是如果失业率加速上升——相比通胀加速是更值得关注的风险。

亚纳西维茨指出:“随着劳动力市场降温,通胀背后的需求侧压力已有所缓解,部分需求动力正在减弱。我们对通胀继续放缓持相对乐观的看法,当前通胀的风险更多在于其粘性,而非加速上行。”

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