从 Stripe 到 Circle,金融公司为何热衷构建自己的区块链?

marsbitPublished on 2025-08-13Last updated on 2025-08-13

在金融科技领域,打造区块链已成为最新的潮流。美国加密货币交易所 Coinbase 已经拥有一条区块链。在线券商 Robinhood 在今年 6 月宣布计划推出自有区块链,而其竞争对手 eToro 也在考虑做同样的事情。如今,金融科技巨头 Stripe 以及稳定币发行方 Circle 也加入了这股浪潮。

据一则已删除的招聘启事及知情人士透露,Stripe 正在开发一条名为 Tempo 的区块链,重点面向支付领域。而 Circle 则在周二早间表示,正在打造一条名为 Arc 的区块链,专为稳定币设计——即与美元等基础资产挂钩的加密货币。

如今,企业自建区块链的浪潮突然涌现,这引发了一个问题:为什么几乎每一家大型金融公司——尤其是 Stripe 和 Circle——都在成为区块链开发者?

“掌控完整技术栈”

据两位稳定币公司高管和一位投资人表示,Stripe 的原因很简单:垂直整合。通过以 11 亿美元收购稳定币初创公司 Bridge,Stripe 买下了自有的稳定币和支付网络。而在今年 6 月收购加密钱包公司 Privy 之后,它还可以为用户提供储存稳定币的账户。对于一直以来以在线结账等传统支付服务闻名的 Stripe 来说,增加一条区块链意味着打造出一个完整的稳定币生态系统。

“这些大公司有动力去掌控完整的技术栈。”常年投资稳定币初创公司的加密风投公司 Dragonfly 的合伙人 Rob Hadick 在接受《财富》采访时说道。

Stripe 正在押注一个重大趋势:稳定币可能成为支付的未来。如果其 1.4 万亿美元交易量中有很大部分通过稳定币结算,那么 Stripe 现在可能就错失了数百万美元的收入。

区块链(如以太坊或 Solana 这样的去中心化网络)在加密科技栈中,就像 Google Cloud 或 AWS 一样。一支去中心化的服务器网络处理加密应用的大量交易,并在提供算力后收取费用。

以 Coinbase 自有的区块链 Base 为例,据 DefiLlama 数据,自 2023 年初上线以来,它已创造了超过 1.3 亿美元的手续费收入。

“你想要掌控经济利益。”稳定币基础设施公司 M0 的联合创始人兼 CEO Luca Prosperi 对《财富》表示。

然而,稳定币及其配套区块链的不断增多,是否会导致出现数不胜数的代币与链,从而让普通消费者难以使用,这一点还有待观察。

Stripe 未回应置评请求。

防守 vs 进攻

对 Circle 来说,动机也大致相同。

这家稳定币发行方在今年 6 月完成炙手可热的 IPO,拥有自有代币 USDC,同时也建立了不断扩张的支付网络,甚至还提供服务,让企业客户可以创建自己的加密钱包。不过,这家加密公司仍然没有属于自己的区块链,来处理并收取通过其服务流转的大量支付交易的手续费。

“他们也想掌握这部分资金流动。”加密支付初创公司 Mesh 联合创始人兼 CEO Bam Azizi 在谈到 Circle 时对《财富》表示。

但 Stripe 和 Circle 的处境并不相同。Stripe 是全球最大的私人科技公司之一,是一家占据主导地位的支付处理商,收入结构多元化,截至今年 1 月,其 Stripe Billing 业务的年化收入已达 5 亿美元。

而 Circle 在 2025 年第二季度的收入中,超过 96% 都来自其稳定币所对应的美国国债的利息收入。如果利率下降,其整个商业模式都可能受到威胁。

“我们正在构建一个完整的栈,从基础设施层,到稳定币层,再到支付网络层。”Circle CEO Jeremy Allaire 在接受《The Information》关于公司第二季度财报的直播采访时表示。(Circle 发言人拒绝进一步置评。)

不过,也有人认为,这家刚刚上市的公司其实是在追赶进度。

“Circle 是在防守和被动应对。”Dragonfly 的合伙人 Hadick 说,“而 Stripe 则在思考支付的未来和自身业务的未来,采取的是进攻和主动的策略。”

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