美联储计划就CBDC向国会提出建议,FedNow实时支付服务有望2023年投入使用

链得得Published on 2022-06-27Last updated on 2022-06-27

Abstract

美联储依旧是想利用现有资源快速布局CBDC,此前承诺已久的 FedNow 实时支付服务有望在 2023 年投入使用。全球在线支付局面或将面临重新洗牌。

美联储依旧是想利用现有资源快速布局CBDC,此前承诺已久的 FedNow 实时支付服务有望在 2023 年投入使用。全球在线支付局面或将面临重新洗牌。

当地时间 6 月 23 日,美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔在美国众议院财政委员会的一次演讲中表示,央行数字货币(CBDC)是“一项非常重要的金融和技术创新”,美联储将会向国会就 CBDC 的推行方式进行提议。

他强调,CBDC 是一国之策,不能有党派之分。鲍威尔表示,未来几年美联储都有计划在政策和技术方面考量 CBDC,然后向国会提出建议。

“一旦美联储完成指定相关指导,国会就有责任起草一项法案,允许将 CBDC 引入美国金融体系。”

不过,鲍威尔坚决认为,如果美国发行数字美元,“应该是由政府背书的数字美元,而非私营部门的所谓稳定币。”

链得得在之前的文章中也提到过,鲍威尔在多种场合中表示,数字美元的发行有利于美元国际地位,并且有利于国际交易顺畅,发展普惠金融。

链得得在对美国 CBDC 项目的追踪报道中也梳理过,1 月美联储征求意见,5 月就宣布正面评价。具体请参看链得得文章:【链得得独家】美联储第一份CBDC报告,提到数字美元计划。

如今,新冠和俄乌冲突已经极大改变了世界经济局势。能源紧张和生活用品费用的激增,消耗掉人们的期待。数字货币的投资市场也是折戟沉沙,没有丝毫回暖态势,全球各行业巨头开始挥刀断臂以求过冬,具体请参看链得得之前报道:【链得得独家】美联储新任副主席:保持数字美元占据主动权,为未来支付格局做准备。

美联储急着推行 CBDC 项目的主要原因就在于美元的地位在动摇。全球货币体系的激变让这个信用卡国度有了危机。鲍威尔表示,开发已久的 FedNow 实时在线支付系统将会在 2023 年投入使用。

FedNow是什么?

FedNow 是联邦储备银行开发的即时支付服务,允许企业和个人使用银行等进行 24 小时支付。该项目已经启动很久,早在 2020 年就完成了系统建构,如果不是 CBDC 浪潮的席卷,这个久未露面的项目恐怕还需要再沉寂很多年。

当日,鲍威尔在披露该项目即将上线时还指出,“美国国内支付系统已经是安全高效的,但鉴于加密资产和稳定币的巨大增长,美联储需要考虑要不要通过引入 CBDC 来进一步完善支付系统。”

项目披露时,FedNow 服务高级副总裁兼业务主管尼克斯坦内斯库表示,“尽管还有很多工作要做,但这一进展为成千上万的金融机构在不久的将来启动并运行即时支付奠定了基础,包括那些与第三方支付提供商合作的机构。”

目前,FedNow 已与 120 家金融机构启动了试点计划。链得得找到美联储官网文件,其服务流程大致如下:

从概略图来看,FedNow 还是主要着眼于目前仅占美国1%市场的实时交易。但是实时交易的市场是广阔的。“即时交易是新的电子商务,”摩根大通的评论说道,“它不仅限于消费者。创作者和演出工作者有希望立即获得报酬,这意味着每天甚至每小时的工资单都可能成为现实。这是一个每日按揭付款或纳税的新世界。”

如果美联储将这个系统列为主流支付系统并强力推广,最保守的预估是到 2026 年上升 4% 个点,乐观者表示至少会上升到 30%。虽然传统机构目前也在大力数字化,但是进程和规范程度显然是无法与美联储抗衡的。

所以,到 2023 年,美国的金融机构将会没有选择,美联储实施 FedNow 的 95 页最终规则已经公布,数字美元是否将以 FedNow 服务的形式发行也尚未可知。

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