加密航空母舰即将起航,Coinbase 的野心藏不住了

marsbitPublished on 2025-07-24Last updated on 2025-07-25

TL;DR

Coinbase 已经从一家中心化交易所发展为通过 Base 链和 Base 应用构建的加密货币全栈生态系统。

该公司同时通过收购多家加密货币初创企业和强大的 Coinbase 合作伙伴网络,不断总结其在加密货币行业的影响力。

Coinbase 的战略举措旨在推动加密货币行业的普及。然而它们也创造了新的中心化结构,并带来了与去中心化价值观平衡的挑战。

1. Coinbase:构建加密生态系统的野心

2021 年 4 月,Coinbase 成为首家上市的加密货币交易所。该公司通过直接上市的方式登陆纳斯达克。这不仅仅是一家公司的 IPO,它标志着一个象征性的转折点,意味着加密货币行业正式进入主流金融体系。

Coinbase

来源:纳斯达克

它的公司名称也颇具象征意义。“Coinbase”源自比特币的“Coinbase 交易”,即创建新区块时记录的第一笔交易。这代表了加密货币进入主流世界的时刻。公司名称体现了其作为加密货币生态系统起点的坚定承诺。

Coinbase 的象征意义不仅限于命名。该公司以交易所业务为基础,不断扩大业务范围,如今正在构建一个庞大的生态系统。公司推出了基于以太坊的第二层链 Base,并在其“A New Day One”活动中发布了 Base 应用(TBA)。这些发展表明,Coinbase 正在完成一个涵盖从基础设施到应用的加密货币全栈生态系统。

本报告探讨了 Coinbase 如何从一家交易所发展为涵盖整个加密货币生态系统的帝国,并分析了这些变化对加密货币行业的意义。

2. 加密货币全栈:交易所、基础设施与消费者应用

2.1. 交易所:Coinbase 的稳定现金牛

Coinbase 的核心业务无疑是交易所。该公司为从个人到机构的各类用户提供加密货币交易服务,并通过交易费用获得收入。截至 2024 年,交易费用占总收入的约 60%,规模达到约 40 亿美元。相对稳定的交易费收入为 Coinbase 的新业务拓展奠定了基础,这类似于亚马逊以 AWS 为现金牛扩展多项业务。

Coinbase

来源:Coinbase

此外,交易所的价值还体现在战略扩展性上。交易所是连接法币与加密货币的核心入口,拥有庞大的用户基础和交易数据。基于此,它成为将用户自然引入更广泛生态系统的战略枢纽。交易所为 Coinbase 提供了财务稳定性和战略扩展性,是生态系统发展的核心基础。

2.2. Base 链:从链外到链上

Base 链是 Coinbase 直接构建的基于以太坊的第二层区块链。通过这条链,Coinbase 实现了从交易所业务向链上领域的扩展。

Coinbase

来源:Base

这种扩展源于加密货币生态系统的结构特性。加密货币生态系统分为链外和链上环境。交易所主要在链外环境中提供法币与加密货币之间的交易服务。

然而,加密货币的实际使用发生在链上环境中,例如基于加密货币的抵押借贷和治理参与。用户可能在 Coinbase 上购买加密货币,然后将其转移到链上以参与特定的 DeFi 协议。这意味着 Coinbase 面临结构性限制,用户不得不参与其他生态系统。

Base 链解决了这些限制。现在用户在 Coinbase 上购买加密货币并提现后,仍可留在 Coinbase 的生态系统中。正如苹果同时控制硬件和软件一样,Coinbase 现在可以管理从交易所到基础设施的整个用户操作。这一意义非常重大。

2.3. TBA:完成加密生态系统的最后一块拼图

Coinbase

来源:Base

2025 年 7 月,Coinbase 宣布推出链上超级应用 TBA,朝着更大的愿景迈进。这一战略不仅限于通过交易所获取用户,还通过 Base 基础设施提供实际的应用层。尽管 Base 链上存在许多优秀的去中心化应用(dApp),但它们分散且难以集中发现。无论 Base 链的性能多么出色或费用多么低廉,如果普通用户无法轻松访问,其意义将大打折扣。

Coinbase

来源:Base

TBA 将加密货币生态系统的核心要素交易所、基础设施和应用整合到一个平台中,提供无缝的用户体验。用户可以进行加密货币支付和转账,还可以通过基于 Farcaster 的社交服务获得收益,并立即将其用于线上或线下支付。多种服务协同作用,构建了一个强大的链上经济生态系统。因此,参与链上经济的门槛显著降低。这完成了 Coinbase 一直在构建的庞大生态系统的最后一块拼图。

3. Coinbase 构建加密帝国

Coinbase 已不仅仅是一家交易所。该公司在交易所的基础上,逐步构建区块链基础设施和消费者应用,发展为一个涵盖整个加密货币生态系统的庞大帝国。** 此外,通过激进的并购策略,Coinbase 还扩展至更多领域。例如,该公司收购了代币管理平台 LiquiFi、零知识证明技术公司 Iron Fish、Web3 广告平台 Spindl 以及加密货币衍生品交易所 Deribit,将其触角延伸至 Web3 行业的各个角落。

Coinbase

来源:Tiger Research

这些举措表明,Coinbase 试图像航空母舰一样占据与加密货币相关的所有服务。此外其与稳定币 USDC 发行方 Circle 的关系也变得更加有趣。Coinbase 是 Circle 的主要股东,除了股权投资外,还能从 USDC 的利息收入中分得一定比例。甚至还有条款规定,如果 Circle 破产或未能履行收入分配义务,部分与 USDC 相关的权利将转移给 Coinbase。这表明 Coinbase 几乎控制了加密货币生态系统的所有核心基础设施。

Coinbase

来源:Coinbase Ventures

Coinbase 的扩张策略不仅依赖于并购。另一个核心策略是 Coinbase 合作网络在整个加密货币行业扩大影响力,类似于过去的“PayPal 黑帮”。该公司投资了 40 多家由前 Coinbase 员工创立的 Web3 初创企业,并通过建立合作伙伴关系持续构建紧密的协作网络。例如,Coinbase 的首位员工 Olaf Carlson-Wee 创立了 Polychain Capital,而 dYdX、Farcaster、Zora 和 B3 等知名 Web3 项目均由 Coinbase 员工创立。

我们仍将 Coinbase 视为一家交易所,但其实际运作模式更像是 Web2 时代的谷歌。正如谷歌从搜索起家,逐步主导包括广告、云服务和移动生态在内的整个数字生态系统一样,Coinbase 也从交易所业务出发,构建了一个涵盖加密货币生态系统所有领域的庞大帝国。

4. 以交易所为中心的加密市场:是好是坏?

Coinbase 正在构建一个庞大的帝国。从交易所到 Base 链再到 TBA,该公司的举措显然具有战略性。然而,我们需要思考在这些激进策略下,其立场究竟如何。

加密货币曾倡导去中心化,但在追求便利性的过程中,如今又回归到中心化。用户自愿进入 Coinbase 的生态系统,且没有理由离开。这本质上与传统金融结构并无区别。

这种变化并非完全是负面的。像 TBA 这样的集成平台为用户带来了实际好处。用户无需复杂的钱包连接、平台切换或担心高昂的 Gas 费用,即可在一个应用中访问所有服务。从通过社交活动获得收益到将其用于实际支付,整个过程无缝衔接。Coinbase 的模式显然有助于加密货币的普及。

然而我们不能忽视一个重要问题。加密货币的初衷是实现去中心化,但在追求便利性的过程中,却形成了新的中心化结构。用户自愿留在 Coinbase 的生态系统中,且没有离开的动力。这与我们试图逃离的传统中心化金融结构本质上并无区别。

市场已经选择了便利性。逆转这一趋势似乎很困难。现在的关键是在中心化的便利性与去中心化的精神之间找到平衡。真正的挑战在于构建一个生态系统,既能通过健康的竞争和持续的创新保护用户的选择权,又能保留加密货币的核心价值观。

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