香港如何赢得「全球代币化中心」的竞争?

深潮Published on 2025-07-10Last updated on 2025-07-10

如果成功,香港将不仅是领跑者,更将是未来金融形态的定义者之一。

编者按:《南华早报》网站 7 月 3 日刊登了 Cobo COO Lily Z. King 的文章,深入剖析香港如何在全球代币化竞争中抢占先机。文章指出,随着真实世界资产(RWA)代币化加速进入主流,香港正以清晰的监管框架、开放的市场策略和积极的政策创新,构建新一代金融基础设施。而这场竞争的下半场,关键将不再是政策导向,而是产品是否真正契合市场需求。

7 月 8 日 Lily Z.King 在香港德勤数字资产论坛

参会者有香港财经事务及库务司、证监会、立法会和金融管理局的官员和业界机构

当贝莱德董事长拉里·芬克(Larry Fink)在年度致股东信中写道:「每一只股票、每一笔债券、每一支基金——每一种资产都可以被代币化」,他并不是在预言某个遥远的变革,而是已经在发生的转变——一种正在重塑资本形成方式、资产分发机制和金融机会获取路径的演进。

这场变革的核心,是一个曾经小众、如今快速进入主流的概念:真实世界资产代币化(RWA)。如今,已有超过 240 亿美元的 RWA 在公有链上流通,涵盖了收益型美债、私募信贷池、代币化的大宗商品与房地产等。曾经被视为「加密好奇实验」的尝试,如今正在成为全球金融基础设施的一部分——资本市场的底层管道正在悄然重构。

所以问题不再是代币化会不会重塑金融,而是谁将塑造它。

在 6 月 26 日发布的《数字资产发展政策声明 2.0》中,香港表达了它想要引领的意图。

该声明推出了「Leap」监管框架,将监管范围扩大至稳定币发行方、托管方及 RWA 平台。更重要的是,它释放出一个明确信号:香港不只是「允许代币化,而是在积极倡导代币化。

「Leap」是「法律与监管简化(Legal)」、「代币化产品拓展(Expand)」、「应用场景推进(Advance)」以及「人才与合作伙伴发展(People and Partnership)」的缩写,它通过制定稳定币牌照制度、明确代币化 ETF的监管框架、延续此前在数字债券、绿色金融方面的试点,推动形成一个更广阔的愿景,鼓励从贵金属到可再生能源基础设施等各种资产的代币化。

但也许最有意义的变化,不在于政策具体监管了什么,而在于它如何定义代币化——将其视为新金融基础设施的核心支柱而非沙盒实验。仅这一点,就已让香港区别于其他市场。

相比之下,新加坡采取了更为审慎的做法——聚焦机构参与,限制零售投资者;而香港则选择了一种更广泛、更包容的路径。它在设定清晰适当性规则的前提下,允许零售用户参与,拓展了潜在市场空间。

相较于欧盟规范性的加密资产市场构架和美国碎片化的监管拉锯战,香港提供了一个更统一、以原则为基础的系统,为创新者和投资者提供了其所需的清晰度。

不过,仅仅铺好轨道,并不意味着列车就能准点运行。发行一项代币化资产很容易,难点在于有没有人愿意持有、交易并信任它。

6 月 5 日,全球最大的稳定币发行商之一 Circle Internet Group 首席执行官兼联合创始人 Jeremy Allaire(左三)和 Circle 总裁 Heath Tarbert(左二)在公司首次公开募股当天的纽约证券交易所。

照片:路透社

太多代币化项目是通过踩坑才明白这一点的:技术没问题,市场不买单。缺乏分发渠道、市场需求或实际相关性,许多产品最终只是被搁置。瓶颈不在于技术,也不在于监管,而在于商业价值是否真正存在。真正的考验是:某个代币化资产是否真的为一个明确定义的用户群体解决了问题。

当然,也有项目通过了这道考验并成功扩展。 例如,代币化的美债产品因为提供了稳定、透明的收益率,在全球储户中获得了广泛采用,尤其是在那些缺乏安全收益渠道的新兴市场。

又如,Maple Finance等协议在私募信贷领域开辟了新路径,通过撮合机构借款人和加密原生贷款方,并实现链上透明风控,使产品双向可用。

这些成功并非来自新奇的技术,而是资产、用户和包装方式三者的完美匹配。

香港本地的生态也正在朝这个方向演进。香港金融管理局的「Project Ensemble」正在实验代币化的债券、基金、碳信用、充电桩基础设施与供应链金融等场景。这些项目颇具潜力,但真正能大规模打通资产、受众和使用场景三要素的爆款项目,尚未出现。

所有要素已经就位,接下来需要的是「市场牵引力」。香港已经打下了坚实基础:监管清晰、机构认可、公私协作的可信项目正不断推进。 香港正日益被视为一个安全、结构清晰的数字资产实验环境,再加上其作为中国数字资产战略「桥头堡」的潜力,使其意义远远超出本地市场本身。

但最难的部分才刚刚开始。下一阶段的竞争,将由「产品与市场契合度」(product-market fit)决定,而非更多政策。香港能否吸引东南亚储户投资真正有收益的稳定币产品?能否通过合规的数字包装方式,把中国的产业资产连接到全球资本?能否孵化出新一代的不仅合法合规,而且真正有市场需求的 RWA 产品?

这些问题将决定 RWA 是否只是一个风口,还是能成为一个持久变革;也将决定香港是否能成为这个新时代的全球代币化之都。如果成功,香港将不仅是领跑者,更将是未来金融形态的定义者之一。

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