RWA即将进入下一个阶段的当下,Aptos是如何实现弯道超车的?

Odaily星球日报Published on 2025-07-10Last updated on 2025-07-10

Abstract

Aptos通过技术与生态的协同作用,正在私募信贷赛道展现持续增长潜力。

RWA 作为被市场寄予厚望的赛道, 至今仍未展现出连接传统市场中万亿资产的能力. 根据 rwa.xyz 的数据, 加密行业中 RWA 资产总市值只有 240 亿美元, 这还是在今年上半年猛增 56% 的情况下达到的数据, 因此可以知道 RWA 的叙事并非已经结束而是还未开始, 随着未来美股上链, 更多品类的资产实现代币化, RWA 会真正进入下一个阶段. 而在当下黎明前夜之际, Aptos 已经实现了弯道超车, 过去 30 天内链上 RWA TVL 增长 56.4% , 达到 5.38 亿美元, 排名上升至公链第三位. 随着 Aave 的到来, Aptos 上的 RWA 资产极有可能迎来更多投资机会, 使得 Aptos 在 RWA 的下一阶段竞争中处于有利位置.

RWA即将进入下一个阶段的当下,Aptos是如何实现弯道超车的?

来源: on-aptos

私募信贷依然是当前的主流路径

私募信贷(Private Credit)占据 RWA 资产 58% 的份额,成为最受关注的资产类别,其次为美国国债。私募信贷资产主要以链上形式存在,大多缺乏交易流动性;而美国国债则受到生息稳定币的竞争压力,这些稳定币以国债为抵押,提供了相似的收益特性。

什么是私募信贷? 私募信贷指的是非公开市场中,由非银行机构或投资者向企业或个人提供的贷款。在传统金融中,私人信贷因其灵活性和高收益吸引了大量机构投资者。然而,它也面临高成本、低效率和准入限制等痛点。例如,传统私人信贷的审计流程繁琐,交易成本高企,且中小企业往往因缺乏信用记录而难以获得融资。

加密协议通过充当中介的角色, 以在链上链上发行和管理资产作为核心商业模式,通过消除多层中介来降低成本,并通过提供对贷款池和基础资产的实时表现来增加透明度。

私募信贷资产代币化流程

1. 链下信贷资产生成

资产发行方(Originator)负责生成链下信贷资产。私人信贷机构(如 BSFG)、中小企业融资平台或区域性信贷市场运营商通过签订贷款协议(明确本金、利率、期限),设定担保资产(如应收账款或不动产,需评估价值和流动性),制定还款计划和违约条款,并审核借款人的财务状况(包括现金流、债务比率和信用评级,如 S&P 评分 BB+)。例如,一笔 100 万美元贷款发放给一家物流企业,期限 12 个月,年化利率 12% ,以 110 万美元应收账款为抵押。此步骤确保资产符合传统金融标准,为后续代币化奠定基础。

2. 构建链上通证结构

通过 RWA 协议(如 Pact),单笔或多笔贷款映射为链上通证。通证形式包括:NFT(每笔贷款生成唯一不可分割通证,记录完整资产所有权)、SFT(资产份额化,允许投资者持有部分权益,如 10% 份额)或 ERC-20 型(贷款池打包为可交易基金份额,适合机构投资者)。通证元数据涵盖借款人匿名标识(符合 GDPR)、本金金额(100 万美元)、利率(12% 年化)、还款频率(月度)、到期日(2026 年 7 月)、担保资产详情和违约处理机制。智能合约支持还款状态管理、自动收益分配和提前赎回或点对点转让(需合规验证)。

3. 合规包装

代币化流程需符合监管要求。在开曼群岛、英属维尔京群岛或新加坡设立特殊目的实体(SPV)或虚拟资产服务提供商(VASP)作为法律托管方,与链上通证一一对应。所有投资者需完成 KYC/KYB 及 AML 审查,非合格投资者受限于 Reg D 等法规的访问和转让权限。链下披露文件(如 PDF 格式的条款清单或发行备忘录)明确通证为债务资产,不附带投票权或股权属性。此步骤结合链上哈希验证和链下加密存储个人身份信息(PII),确保符合 UETA。

4. 通证发行与融资

通过用户界面或协议平台展示通证,接受链上投资。投资者需完成 KYC 验证,使用 USDC、APT 或 USDT 等投资,获得 RWA 通证作为凭证,并按月或按季度收取还款本金和利息。例如,Pact 平台 BSFG-EM-1 的预计年化收益率 64.05% ,覆盖新兴市场小微企业融资需求。

5. 收益分配与资产清算

借款人按计划还款,资金由发行方收取后转入 SPV,通过预言机或智能合约映射至链上,分配给通证持有者。智能合约根据持有比例自动拆分利息(如按 10% 份额分配 12% 年化收益),贷款到期后自动返还本金或安排资产续存。若通证结构(如 SFT)允许,可在去中心化交易所(DEX)或 RWA 专用市场交易,但通常设有锁定期,仅支持点对点转让。

Aptos 在 RWA 赛道的竞争优势

技术优势:高性能区块链的金融应用潜力

Aptos 作为新一代 Layer 1 区块链,其技术架构成为它在 RWA 赛道的独特优势,特别是在私募信贷代币化的场景中。以下从核心技术特性展开分析:

  • 高吞吐量与低延迟

Aptos 采用 Block-STM 并行执行引擎,通过乐观并发控制实现交易的高效处理。官方测试数据显示,Aptos 的理论吞吐量可达 15 万笔每秒(TPS),实际生产环境中稳定在 4000-5000 TPS,远超以太坊和 Solana。在私募信贷场景中,高吞吐量支持大规模贷款发行、实时还款分配和链上审计,确保交易效率。

此外,Aptos 的交易最终确认时间仅为 650 毫秒。这种亚秒级确认速度对于需要即时结算的 RWA 资产(如贷款池的收益分配)至关重要。例如,Pact 协议在 Aptos 上实现 T+ 0 结算,相比传统金融的 T+ 2 或 T+ 3 ,大幅降低了资金占用成本。

  • 低交易成本

Aptos 的交易费用平均低于 0.01 美元。低成本特性对 RWA 场景尤为关键,因为代币化资产涉及频繁的链上操作(如贷款发行、还款分配、合规验证)。以 Pact 为例,其链上贷款管理需要实时更新还款状态,低费用确保了运营成本的可控性。

  • 模块化架构与可扩展性

Aptos 的模块化设计将共识、执行和存储层分离,允许各层独立优化这对 RWA 资产管理至关重要,因为私人信贷涉及复杂的元数据(如借款人信息、还款计划)。

生态布局:机构背书与监管友好

Aptos 在 RWA 赛道的生态布局通过与传统金融巨头的合作和 DeFi 生态的扩展,显著提升了其竞争力。

机构合作与背书

截至 2025 年 6 月,Aptos 的 RWA 总锁仓价值(TVL)达到 5.4 亿美元,位列公链第三,仅次于以太坊和 ZKsync Era。这一成就得益于多家传统金融机构的参与:

去年 7 月,Aptos 官宣将 Ondo Finance 的 USDY 引入生态,并于主要的 DEX、借贷应用集成。去年 10 月,Aptos 宣布富兰克林邓普顿已在 Aptos Network 上推出以 BENJI 代币为代表的富兰克林链上美国政府货币基金(FOBXX)。此外,Aptos 也和 Libre 达成合作推行证券代币化。

这些合作不仅为 Aptos 带来了资金和技术支持,还增强了其在合规性领域的可信度。

监管友好性

私募信贷代币化涉及复杂的合规要求,如 KYC/AML 审查、Reg D/Reg S 合规等。Aptos 通过与合规平台合作,内置了链上身份验证和资产追踪功能。例如,Pact 协议通过链下加密存储个人身份信息(PII)并结合链上哈希验证,符合 UETA 要求,确保贷款代币的法律效力。

2025 年,全球监管环境逐步明朗化。欧洲的 MiCA 法规为加密资产提供了清晰框架,美国的 GENIUS Act 为稳定币和 RWA 项目创造了有利条件。Aptos 的低费用和快速确认特性使其成为监管友好型公链的理想选择。例如,Aptos 被 Wyoming 州选为稳定币项目 WYST 的最高技术评分候选链, 并计划利用 Aptos 发行合规的稳定币和贷款通证,预计 2026 年覆盖 1 亿美元资产。

新兴市场定位

Aptos 的 RWA 战略聚焦新兴市场,特别是在金融包容性不足的地区。BSFG 作为 Pact 协议在 Aptos 链上的主要资产发行方,通过代币化私募信贷产品为新兴市场和特定区域提供多样化融资解决方案,显著推动了 Aptos 的 RWA 生态发展。

其旗舰产品 BSFG-EM-1 针对新兴市场个人消费者和小微经营者,提供短期、小额消费贷款和循环信用额度,规模达 1.6 亿美元,单笔贷款金额在数百至数千美元,期限 3-12 个月,利率高达 64.05% 。BSFG-EM-NPA-1 和 BSFG-EM-NPA-2 为坏账或违约贷款专项池,规模 1.88 亿美元,仅限合格投资者参与,收益未公开。BSFG-CAD-1 为加拿大住宅物业抵押贷款,规模 4400 万美元,分为优先和次级结构,利率 0.13% (可能为低风险优先级贷款),由真实地产背书但处于锁定状态,流动性受限。BSFG-AD-1 面向阿联酋小微企业,提供营运贷款,规模 1600 万美元,利率 15.48% ,服务高增长市场。BSFG-KES-1 针对肯尼亚零售信贷市场,规模 560 万美元,利率 115.45% 。

这些产品通过 Pact 的链上基础设施实现高效发行和透明管理,贡献了 Aptos RWA TVL 的 77% (约 4.2 亿美元)。

总结

Aptos 在 RWA 赛道的快速崛起得益于其技术优势和生态布局, 2025 年 6 月其 RWA TVL 达到 5.38 亿美元,位列公链第三,主要由私募信贷驱动。Pact 协议通过推出链上债务池,贡献了超 4.2 亿美元的资产(占 Aptos RWA 的 77% ),显著提升了生态竞争力。私募信贷作为 RWA 增长引擎,通过代币化实现链上可组合性,允许信贷通证参与 DeFi 协议的循环贷、杠杆策略和流动性池,产生 6% -15% 的年化收益。相比国债(受生息稳定币竞争压力),私募信贷因其高收益和明确现金流更受市场青睐。Aptos 的低交易费用(低于 0.01 美元)和 650 毫秒的最终确认时间支持实时借贷和结算,未来与 Aave 的集成可能进一步激活了 Pact 的潜力。

当前,传统金融市场利差收紧,促使机构转向链上解决方案,Aptos 通过服务新兴市场填补了中小企业融资缺口。未来,随着监管环境优化和 DeFi 生态扩展,Aptos 有望在 2026 年新增 5 亿美元 RWA TVL。Aptos 通过技术与生态的协同作用,正在私募信贷赛道展现持续增长潜力。

关于 Movemaker

Movemaker 是由 Aptos 基金会授权,经 Ankaa 和 BlockBooster 联合发起的首个官方社区组织,专注于推动 Aptos 华语区生态的建设与发展。作为 Aptos 在华语区的官方代表,Movemaker 致力于通过连接开发者、用户、资本及众多生态合作伙伴,打造一个多元、开放、繁荣的 Aptos 生态系统。

免责声明:

本文/博客仅供参考,代表作者的个人观点,并不代表 Movemaker 的立场。本文无意提供:(i) 投资建议或投资推荐;(ii) 购买、出售或持有数字资产的要约或招揽;或 (iii) 财务、会计、法律或税务建议。持有数字资产,包括稳定币和 NFT,风险极高,价格波动较大,甚至可能变得一文不值。您应根据自身的财务状况,仔细考虑交易或持有数字资产是否适合您。如有具体情况方面的问题,请咨询您的法律、税务或投资顾问。本文中提供的信息(包括市场数据和统计信息,若有)仅供一般参考。在编写这些数据和图表时已尽合理注意,但对其中所表达的任何事实性错误或遗漏概不负责。

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