日本升息恐引发企业破产潮:今年破产数破5000家,负债达1.38兆日元

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-10-24Last updated on 2024-10-24

Abstract

10月30日至31日,日本央行将再度举行为期两天的货币政策会议,此次日本是否还会选择升息?

原文标题:《〈日本加息效应〉僵尸企业大崩盘:今年破产数破 5000 家,负债达 1.38 兆日元》

原文作者:Editor Jr.,动区动趋 BlockTempo

在包括美国、欧洲、中国等全球主要经济体开启货币宽松政策的背景下,日本央行却逆流而上,不仅在今年 3 月终结了自 2007 年以来的负利率时代,还在 7 月底宣布再度升息,导致当时大量套利交易者平仓、市场大跌。

而在本月底的 30 日至 31 日,日本央行将再度举行为期两天的货币政策会议,市场也高度关注,此次日本是否还会选择升息?

路透:日本 10 月升息机率较小

对此背景,《Reuters》在 10 月 21 日的一篇报导中指出,日本央行可能不会急于在本月的货币政策会议上再度升息,具体原因包括:

  • 日本央行行长植田和男此前表示,还需要利用时间对升息的风险进行审视,例如美国经济的不确定性。

  • 日本众议院将在 10 月 27 日进行选举,美国 11 月 5 日也将举行备受全球关注的大选,这将让日本央行在这样的大事件背景下,选择更加谨慎的立场。

  • 如果全球经济成长趋缓,或者家庭和企业信心不足,也可能导致日本央行选择暂时不升息。

  • 日元如果未能持续贬值,日本进口商品成本压力放缓,民众生活和物价未受到大幅度影响,央行可能也不会升息。

  • 最后,大部分专家也认为,今年日本不会再度升息,即使要升息也要再等到 2025 年底和 2026 年初。

不过值得注意的是,虽然目前众多因素都倾向于日本央行不会在本月升息,但日本央行也示意,如果经济和物价走势符合其预期,升息将在所难免,因为日本央行行长植田和男此前早已表达了要推进货币政策正常化的决心。

日本升息恐引发企业破产潮

另外一个市场观察的变化是,日本长期的货币宽松政策,让许多企业能够依赖低利率和政府存活,但并不能进行有效投资和雇佣,从而导致日本僵尸企业泛滥。

而自今年 3 月结束负利率时代以来,根据东京商工调查所((Tokyo Shoko Research)本月稍早发布的一份报告显示,日本企业在今年 4 月至 9 月,破产数量在近十年来首次突破了 5, 000 家,这些破产企业负债竟然高达 1.38 兆日元,约 92 亿美元。

而根据里昂证券的一份研究报告显示,基准利率每上升 0.1 %,可能就会促使这些将大部分利润用于偿债的殭尸企业数量,从 56.5 万家增加到 63.2 万家左右。

不过值得一提的是,这些殭尸企业破产对日本而言可能并不是一件坏事,因为它们的存在,导致日本新企业难以获得好的生长环境,劳动力流动也并不充足。对此,里昂证券策略师 Nicholas Smith 就评论表示:

「我们并不担心日本的失业问题,相反,我们最担心的是日本的劳动力短缺问题。」

原文链接

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