日本央行如何摧毁日元套利交易和加密货币市场?

币界网Published on 2024-08-06Last updated on 2024-08-06

币界网报道:

作者:Alex O’Donnell,CoinTelegraph;编译:邓通,

8 月 5 日,加密货币经历了多年来最糟糕的一天。很少有人预见到这一点,但交易员对杠杆的沉迷已经悄悄地放大了几个月的市场风险。如果杠杆交易是导火索,那么日元的突然上涨就是火柴。幸运的是,火可能很快就会熄灭。

日元贷款成本飙升导致了此次崩盘。现在,随着交易员最终削减杠杆和日元敞口,市场将迎来健康反弹。如果更广泛的市场稳定下来——而且很可能如此——加密货币可能很快就会卷土重来。

廉价借贷

众所周知,加密货币交易并不基于基本面。价格主要由短期机构交易者推动,他们从加密货币的波动中获利。为了提高回报,交易者会利用杠杆或借入资金加倍头寸——通常数额惊人。崩盘前不久,未平仓合约(衡量净借款的指标)接近 400 亿美元。

所有这些借来的钱都必须来自某个地方。最近,那个地方就是日本。2022 年,美国国库券利率多年来首次升至零以上,并持续攀升。在日本,利率保持在最低水平。贸易公司从中获利——借入巨额日本贷款,以低成本为其他市场的交易提供融资。

这似乎是个好时机。到 2023 年,加密货币的牛市全面展开。杠杆交易(可以将收益或损失放大 2 倍或更多)带来了丰厚的回报。与此同时,交易员以日元计价的融资几乎是免费的。

这就是所谓的日元套利交易的本质,而且它并不是加密货币独有的。根据 ING 银行的一份报告,到 2024 年,以日元计价的外国借款人贷款达到约 2 万亿美元,比两年前增长了 50% 以上。

日本 17 年政策的终结

7 月 31 日,一切都发生了变化,日本央行将短期政府债券利率从 0% 提高到 0.25%。(此前,日本央行在 3 月份将利率从 -0.1% 提高,这是 17 年来首次。)这一看似无害的举动引发了一系列事件,最终导致比特币大跌。

甚至传统市场也受到了严重冲击,标准普尔 500 指数(美国股票指数)当天下跌超过 5%。

催化剂并不是日本加息,而是随后发生的事情:外汇市场上日元的飙升。(当国内利率上升时,货币通常会升值。)从 7 月 31 日起,美元兑日元汇率从 1 美元兑 153 日元左右跌至 145 日元。突然之间,以日元计价的贷款变得非常昂贵。

无论是因为贷方追加保证金还是出于谨慎,交易员们开始抛售数十亿美元的头寸。Jump Trading 在 7 月 24 日至 8 月 4 日期间抛售了价值超过 3.7 亿美元的 ETH,这引起了轰动,但并未引发市场低迷。Jump 最多只是加剧了注定要成为历史性抛售的局面。

2024 年 8 月 4 日至 5 日晚上 24 小时的清算数据。来源:CoinGlass

事实上,根据 CoinGlass 的数据,8 月 4 日至 5 日期间,超过 10 亿美元的杠杆交易头寸(代表数十万笔交易)被清算。

强势回归?

对于某些疾病,发烧就是治愈方法。希望市场正在发生这样的事情。交易员们被从高风险杠杆头寸中震出,并最终削减了巨额日元计价的贷款债务。在加密货币方面,净未平仓合约目前为 270 亿美元——比崩盘前减少了近 130 亿美元。

与此同时,荷兰国际集团 (ING) 表示,美元/日元可能已无下跌空间。

如果其他所有方法都失败,那么总会有降息。日本股市 8 月 5 日下跌约 12%——这是自 1987 年以来最大的单日跌幅。这可能迫使日本央行进行干预,减轻借款人的打击。美国的情况可能也会得到缓解,因为 7 月份的一份报告显示失业率急剧上升。

在日本,“如果干预措施奏效——现在是时候了,”Mount Lucas Management 高级投资组合经理 David Aspellh表示。“鉴于美国最近的数据,美联储似乎将比几个月前预想的更积极地降息。”

如果这种情况发生,那么加密货币可能会在夏末反弹。当然,加密货币市场是不可预测的。如果这一切有什么教训,那就是在进行另一次杠杆交易之前要三思而后行。

Related Reads

Research Report Analysis: The Fed's New Chair's Debut – New Leader, But Same Script?

Report Analysis: Federal Reserve's New Chair Debut – A New Captain, But the Same Script? Morgan Stanley's chief global economist Seth B. Carpenter analyzes the first FOMC meeting under new Fed Chair Kevin Warsh in a June 21 report. Warsh deliberately avoided providing forward guidance on interest rates, aligning with his philosophy. However, market expectations for a rate hike this year were reinforced. Key signals lie elsewhere: inflation may fall more than expected, and quantitative tightening (QT) could be more aggressive than anticipated. The FOMC's "dot plot" suggests only one rate hike in 2026. Carpenter argues that if inflation undershoots forecasts, the logic for even a single hike weakens, especially as projections indicate potential rate cuts in 2027. On QT, Warsh's stance is clear. Carpenter notes that measures like halving the Treasury's account balance could shrink the Fed's balance sheet by around $500 billion with minimal market impact. Combined with adjustments to reserve interest and liquidity rules, the ultimate QT scale may exceed expectations, though its market effect might be less disruptive unless the Fed actively sells Mortgage-Backed Securities (MBS). While Warsh initiated a review of the Fed's policy framework, the 2% inflation target remains intact for now. The report concludes that the market may be overestimating the significance of reduced forward guidance and the near-term rate hike risk, while potentially underestimating the scope and manageable nature of the coming balance sheet reduction. The key debates will hinge on upcoming core PCE data, the specifics of the QT path, and the framework review's findings.

marsbit5m ago

Research Report Analysis: The Fed's New Chair's Debut – New Leader, But Same Script?

marsbit5m ago

Critical Game Week: BTC Retracement Confirmation vs. HYPE Support Battle | Guest Analysis

This weekly analysis outlines a critical juncture for BTC and HYPE markets, focusing on key price level confirmations. **BTC Analysis:** BTC is at a pivotal point after a five-wave rally from the June 5th low of $59,100. The price has broken below a short-term rising channel's lower boundary, with the current move seen as a pullback to test this breakdown. Failure to reclaim this level could lead to a retest of the $59,000-$60,000 support zone. The core scenario hinges on this channel retest outcome. * **Key Levels:** Resistance at $64,500-$65,000 (channel boundary) and $69,500-$70,500. Support at $59,000-$60,000 and $55,000. * **Strategy:** A core bearish stance is maintained (20% short from last week), with short-term plans for tactical trades. Three detailed contingency plans (A/B/C) are provided for short positions on resistance tests or breakdowns, emphasizing strict stop-loss discipline. **HYPE Analysis:** HYPE shows strong momentum but is currently in a corrective phase after hitting a new high of $76.94. The price is retesting the crucial $64-$66 support area. * **Key Levels:** Resistance near $77 and $80-$82. Support at $64-$66 and $52-$54. * **Strategy:** The short-term approach is "buy on dips, avoid chasing rallies." A long position is considered only if clear stabilization signals appear at the $64-$66 or deeper $52-$54 support zones, with tight risk controls. **General Risk Management:** A standardized trailing stop-loss protocol is emphasized: set initial stop, breakeven at +1% profit, then trail stops upward to lock in gains. *Disclaimer: All analysis is presented as a personal trading framework, not investment advice. Market conditions are complex and require dynamic adjustment.*

marsbit18m ago

Critical Game Week: BTC Retracement Confirmation vs. HYPE Support Battle | Guest Analysis

marsbit18m ago

Research Report Interpretation: Citi Attends AWS Summit, Bullish on Cloud Business Acceleration but Data Governance Remains Key Variable

Citi analyst Tyler Radke's team attended the AWS New York Summit (June 17-18), engaging with over 10 clients and partners. In a June 19 report, they highlighted the summit's focus on scaling agent AI for enterprise deployment. Citi maintains a "Buy" rating on Amazon, forecasting AWS revenue growth to accelerate to 37% in FY27 from 30% in FY26, noting this estimate may be conservative. Key takeaways: 1. **AWS Strategy Shift:** AWS is moving from proof-of-concepts to scalable deployment. New offerings like AWS Context (building enterprise knowledge graphs), Amazon Quick (cross-application AI assistant), and security tool Continuum address core enterprise pain points for AI adoption. 2. **Data Infrastructure Beneficiaries:** Data infrastructure companies like Snowflake, Elastic, Oracle, and ClickHouse are seen as direct beneficiaries of scaling AI workloads, as evidenced by strong growth and use cases presented. 3. **Critical Role of Data Governance:** As AI agents scale from hundreds to thousands, effective data governance becomes the key variable for deploying AI in core business processes. AWS Context represents AWS's strategic extension from providing compute/models to offering a data governance infrastructure layer. The report emphasizes that without solving data governance, AI will remain confined to pilot projects. The investment thesis focuses on AWS revenue acceleration and data infrastructure vendors' growth, while monitoring signals like AWS's quarterly revenue growth, Bedrock AgentCore task volume, and pricing impacts on companies like Elastic.

marsbit24m ago

Research Report Interpretation: Citi Attends AWS Summit, Bullish on Cloud Business Acceleration but Data Governance Remains Key Variable

marsbit24m ago

Crucial Week of Contention: BTC Tests Support and HYPE's Key Level Battle | Special Analysis

**Market Enters Critical Week: Bitcoin Pullback Test and HYPE Support Battle** The market enters a crucial phase of contention this week. The marginal shifts in Federal Reserve policy expectations continue to dictate the pricing rhythm for risk assets. Meanwhile, in the crypto market, following a period of sideways consolidation, the divergence between bulls and bears is becoming concentrated at key price levels. **Bitcoin (BTC) Analysis & Strategy** * **Technical View:** The 4-hour chart suggests BTC is in a five-wave structure since the June 5th low near $59,100. Price action shows a short-term rising channel. The recent drop below this channel's lower boundary is now being followed by a pullback attempt (wave 40-41). The outcome of this retest is critical. * **This Week's Outlook:** The core focus is whether BTC can reclaim and hold above the channel's lower boundary. * **Bullish Scenario:** A successful hold could lead to a continued rebound, potentially challenging the $69,500 - $70,500 resistance zone. * **Bearish Scenario:** Failure to hold may trigger a renewed test of the $59,000 - $60,000 core support area, with $55,000 as a deeper support level. * **Operational Strategy:** The author maintains a 20% mid-term short position initiated last week near $64,500, based on a model signaling a shift to a bearish structure. Short-term tactics involve using 30% capital for potential "spread" trades, with three contingency plans (A, B, C) outlined for reacting to resistance tests, breakouts, or support breakdowns. **HYPE Analysis & Strategy** * **Technical View:** On the 4-hour chart, HYPE shows strong momentum, having recently broken to a new high since January. The current pullback presents a clear three-wave correction structure, bringing the price back to the critical $64 - $66 support zone. * **This Week's Outlook:** The focus is on the battle for the $64 - $66 support area. * **Bullish Scenario:** Holding this support could signal a continuation of the uptrend from the June 10th low, leading to new highs. * **Bearish Scenario:** A breakdown could extend the correction, potentially testing the deeper $52 - $54 support band. * **Operational Strategy:** The recommended short-term approach is "buy on dips, avoid chasing rallies." A light long position (under 30% capital) could be considered if HYPE shows stabilization signals at the $64-$66 or $52-$54 support zones, confirmed by model signals. Strict stop-loss discipline is emphasized. **General Risk Management:** A strict trailing stop-loss protocol is advised: set an initial stop; move to breakeven at +1% profit; lock in profits progressively thereafter. *Disclaimer: All analysis is presented as the author's personal technical perspective and trading log, not as investment advice. Markets are complex and dynamic; risk control is paramount.*

Odaily星球日报25m ago

Crucial Week of Contention: BTC Tests Support and HYPE's Key Level Battle | Special Analysis

Odaily星球日报25m ago

AI Agents Also Need 'Credit Checks': ERC-8126 is Filling the Gap in On-chain Trust

The article discusses ERC-8126, a proposed standard designed to address the lack of trust and verification for AI Agents operating on-chain. While ERC-8004 provides AI Agents with a basic on-chain identity (answering "Who are you?"), it does not guarantee trustworthiness. ERC-8126 aims to fill this gap by establishing a verification layer (answering "Are you reliable?"). It standardizes how independent verification providers can assess an agent's associated risks across five key areas: Token/Contract Verification (ETV), Media Content Verification (MCV), Solidity Code Verification (SCV), Web Application Verification (WAV), and Wallet Verification (WV). These providers generate a standardized risk score (0-100) and proofs based on their checks, without acting as a single authoritative certifier. This allows wallets, marketplaces, dApps, and other agents to consume these risk signals—for example, to display warnings, filter listings, or make interaction decisions. The standard also incorporates concepts like Private Data Verification (PDV) and Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP) to allow verification without exposing sensitive underlying data. Positioned alongside ERC-8004 (Identity) and ERC-8183 (Commerce for agents), ERC-8126 represents a step toward building a verifiable and accountable infrastructure for the emerging on-chain AI Agent economy, shifting trust assessment from purely user-based judgment to standardized, consumable signals.

marsbit43m ago

AI Agents Also Need 'Credit Checks': ERC-8126 is Filling the Gap in On-chain Trust

marsbit43m ago

Trading

Spot
Futures
活动图片