链抽象:多链时代下的三棱镜

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-03-27Last updated on 2024-03-27

Abstract

模块化L1 Particle Network提供了实现链抽象的SDK平台。

作为 Crypto/Web3 生态系统的关键入口,钱包一直是创业团队竞争的焦点。除了以支持新公链为首的钱包产品外,还有很多团队希望能彻底改善 MetaMask 的体验(比如 Rabby)。当钱包团队还在关注账户抽象时,更高维度的链抽象(Chain Abstraction)叙事逐渐引起社区的关注。

NEAR 联合创始人 Illia Polosukhin 前不久撰文探讨链抽象的概念,并表明 NEAR 在实现链抽象方面的愿景。此外上个月上线主网的 ZetaChain、模块化 L1 Particle Network、全链账本 Cycle Network 等项目都在为实现链抽象而探索。

链抽象为什么重要?

思考一个问题,为什么 Web3 的产品用户体验感和用户数量远低于 Web2?其中一个重要原因是现在很多项目的用户需要了解各种原理和概念,而 Web3 发展速度之快大家也有目共睹,新叙事新概念层出不穷,即使 Web3 老玩家也会有「热点变化太快学习起来太麻烦」的感觉。

举个简单的例子,跨链桥协议首先需要用户理解之间资产不能互通,所以需要这样子的桥接协议来实现资产在不同链之间的转移,其次得明白如果想将资产从以太坊转移到 Solana,需要需要支付 ETH 作为 Gas 费,而不是 SOL。我只是想用以太坊上的 100 USDT 去买 Solana 生态里的 NFT 怎么这么麻烦?

相比之下,Web2 的产品几乎都是包装好的,用户无需知道原理,也不知道背后谁和谁的合作关系。按照 Web2 产品体验的逻辑,我想买 Solana 生态里的 NFT,只要在这个 NFT 项目界面登入我的钱包,拿钱包里 100 USDT 直接买,最后我只要知道钱包里还剩多少钱,NFT 到账没就可以了。

链抽象将不同区块链之间的差异和复杂性抽象为一种统一的接口,使得用户和开发者可以在不同的链上无缝地进行交互和操作,最终目标就是让用户感知不到链的存在,同时又享受区块链去中心化带来的好处,与意图相结合,用户体验会更加丝滑。想象一下,用户只需拥有足够的资产,不管什么代币不管在什么链上,想怎么交易都行,并且可以设置交易的时间点、条件,同时还能确保交易是安全的、隐私的、完全由自己掌控的。

链抽象:多链时代下的三棱镜

链抽象的逐步实现

在当下多链环境中,不仅用户体验变得复杂,而且流动性分散,这些都阻碍了区块链技术的大规模采用。整合流动性的有效方式是建立一个独立的平台,提供可交互操作的统一接口,即实现链抽象的平台。

Particle Network 就是这样一个提供实现链抽象 SDK 的 L1,它通过抽象出账户、Gas 和流动性,打造了一个 dapp 背后用户无感知的开放网络接入层:

  • Universal Accounts(通用账户): 用户可以在不同的链上使用相同的账户进行交易和操作。母合约控制着 50 多条链上的 AA 账户,将账户地址打通,使得打包交易更快,跨链更快(5 s 内)。此外这也意味着释放更多的应用场景,比如 omnichain 的稳定币。

  • Universal Gas Token(通用 Gas 代币): 引入了通用 Gas 代币(SPARTI),用户可以使用该代币在不同的链上支付交易费用。不必持有每个链上的特定 Gas 代币,降低了跨链交易的成本和复杂性。并且 Particle Network 整合了 EigenLayer,通过将 SPARTI 代币和以太坊实现双重质押,从而增强网络的安全性。

  • Universal Liquidity(通用流动性): 通过实现流动性抽象,将不同链上的流动性聚合起来。比如用 USDT 在比特币生态里一建购买 BTC。Particle Network 充当流动性聚合协议,支持跨链原子交易执行。

Particle Network 的底层架构采用了 Cosmos SDK,并通过 CometBFT 共识引擎确保网络的安全性。这种模块化的底层架构使得 Particle Network 可以灵活地扩展和定制,满足不同应用场景的需求。此外, Particle Network 采用聚合式 DA,DA 不依赖于某一方(比如 Celestia 或者 EigenDA),通过在多个地方存储数据的副本来增强数据可用性。

链抽象为应用爆发做好准备

多链的时代也意味着多层套娃(rollup)的时代,在这样的背景下,链抽象就像三棱镜将多束光聚合成一束一样,将多个链统一起来,解决准入门槛高、教育用户困难等问题,避免了用户需要处理多个账户、网络切换、手续费等影响体验的操作。随着越来越多的项目和技术团队加入到链抽象的构建中,我们期待链抽象成为推动 Web3 生态系统向前发展的关键驱动力,为 Web3 带来更加统一、便捷和安全的用户体验,促进主流采用的进程。

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