黄金ETF流出77亿,但其净需求实际上正在增加?

jin10Published on 2024-03-22Last updated on 2024-03-22

摩根大通的研究表明,尽管比特币被称为“数字黄金”,但美国比特币交易所交易基金(ETF)的迅速增长并未导致黄金ETF的资金流出。

据摩根大通,截至3月14日,即使考虑到全球最大的此类产品Grayscale比特币信托(GBTC)出现了大规模资金流出(流出金额达237亿美元),全球比特币ETF年内仍累计吸金106亿美元。

在美国首个现货比特币ETF推出后,市场需求激增。与此同时,尽管黄金价格一度升至每盎司2200美元的历史新高,黄金ETF却遭受了77亿美元的资金流出。

这种背离的资金流动引发了部分投资者正从实物黄金转向“数字黄金”的说法。然而,摩根大通的分析表明这一观点并不成立,同时也可能解释了为何在ETF投资者净卖出的情况下,黄金价格还能创下历史新高。

数据显示,黄金ETF的资金流出始于2022年4月,且并未因美国现货比特币ETF的兴起而加速。在此期间,总计约有460亿美元的资金撤出黄金ETF。

但世界黄金协会的数据表明,私人投资者(包括个人和家族企业)投入到金条和金币的资金远超这个数额——在2020年9月至2023年12月间总计流入了2290亿美元。

此外,随着全球央行愈发倾向于持有黄金作为外汇储备,央行也购买了1550亿美元的黄金。

摩根大通的全球市场策略师Nikolaos Panigirtzoglou指出:“黄金ETF的资金流出趋势并不能反映私人投资者对黄金的厌恶情绪,而是投资方式从实物黄金ETF向金条和金币的转变。

虽然世界黄金协会的数据只更新至年初,但Panigirtzoglou表示,即使面临现货比特币ETF的竞争,自今年1月以来,金条和金币的需求实际上可能还在加速。他将这一转变归因于新冠疫情触发的行为变化。

他解释道:“隐私性和实体性自疫情以来对私人投资者变得更加重要,在这方面,实物黄金ETF相较于持有金条和金币存在劣势,因为ETF的交易会被记录,其持有情况也被注册,因此缺乏隐私性”。

Panigirtzoglou说,“在一个假设的灾难性场景中,投资者试图通过购买黄金来对冲风险,此时,持有受对手方风险影响的ETF不如私下储存的实体黄金更具吸引力和安全性。”

对于央行而言,至少在某些情况下,对实物黄金的需求源于对不受西方制裁的风险影响。

摩根大通的分析还表明,今年对比特币的需求并非其ETF所显示的那么强劲,这进一步削弱了投资者正在从黄金转向比特币的说法。虽然比特币ETF年内净流入106亿美元,但根据加密数据公司Messari汇编的数据,自年初以来,投资者直接在交易所出售了价值60亿美元的比特币。

黄金和比特币的双双上涨似乎也都受到了动量交易者的驱动,这些机构在过去几个月里一直是与黄金和比特币的积极买家。

世界黄金协会的市场策略师Joe Cavatoni表示:“我们继续看到央行资金流入和场外(OTC)投资流量为正,这表明人们仍在继续投资黄金。

晨星公司北美被动策略研究总监布Bryan Armour大致同意上述观点,他表示:“我确信有一小部分投资者正在从黄金转向比特币,但在现实中,我不认为黄金ETF的资金流出与比特币ETF的资金流入之间存在关联,因为目前两者之间的互动有限,而且投资组合显示也是如此。”

Armour补充道:“黄金的净需求实际上正在增加,只是在ETF结构中的情况可能并非如此。”

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