详解Solana新功能「Token Extension」:助力下一个杀手级应用?

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-03-06Last updated on 2024-03-06

Abstract

Solana 新 SPL 代币标准「Token Extension」包含 19 种不同的代币标准,允许开发人员构建自定义的代币功能。

原文作者:@hmalviya 9 

原文编译:Frank,Foresight News

编者按: 1 月份,Solana 基金会发布新的 SPL 代币标准「Token Extension」,打开了 Solana 网络解锁更复杂链上用例的想象空间。

开门见山,我认为 Solana 生态系统正在迎来新的爆发,其中主要得益于 Solana 开发者正在努力探索新的边界,包括已经推出的「Token Extension」功能。

本文就将简单介绍下「Token Extension」功能及其可以带来的潜在场景用例。

什么是「Token Extension」?

一句话概括,「Token Extension」是新一代的 SPL 代币标准。

其中它允许开发人员构建自定义的代币功能,例如隐私交易、转账 Hooks、不可转让代币、生息资产、元数据等等。

详解Solana新功能「Token Extension」:助力下一个杀手级应用?


为了更简单地理解它,可以将其视为一个包含 19 种不同代币标准的库,而这些代币标准又可以根据具体用例需求为代币启用某些特定功能。

这就像将 19 个 ETH 代币标准合并为一个代币标准,我们可以按照自己的方式自由使用所有这 19 个标准。

当然最大的优势之一,就是没有像 ETH 代币标准那样的固定规则,毕竟 ERC 提案议程太慢了,而在「Token Extension」中,开发人员甚至可以尝试合并其中的几个标准,以根据需求构建下一个杀手级应用。

「Token Extension」用例

接下来让我们来谈谈我真正看好的 5 种「Token Extension」用例,并分享围绕对应用例的项目方向,您完全可以在下一个 Solana 黑客马拉松中实现这些想法。

1.隐私交易

「Token Extension」将允许我们构建支持隐私或保密交易的 DApp,而在不久的将来,对此类 DApp 需求无疑会十分巨大,因为一些 Degens 真的希望在隐私环境中进行链上操作。详解Solana新功能「Token Extension」:助力下一个杀手级应用?


举个例子,我们可以创建一个具备隐私性的 DeFi 协议,允许用户在保持转账金额和余额私密性的情况下,将某个 SPL 代币兑换为为另一种 SPL 代币。

同时我们还可以探索构建一个多链跨链桥,实现 Solana 和 NeonEVM 之间的隐私交易。

2.转账 Hooks

转账 Hooks 非常酷——它们允许用户在代币转账时强制执行某些规则。

譬如可以强制执行中间人的分润比例、第三方 KYC、合规性,或者为开发人员提供某种代币激励。详解Solana新功能「Token Extension」:助力下一个杀手级应用?


举个例子,我们可以使用转账 Hooks 构建一个基本的 DeFi 智能合约,该合约应该允许我们在有人使用该合约进行代币转账时赚取 SOL——本质上类似于艺术家如何强制执行版税,以确保开发者激励。

3.不可转让代币

不可转让代币(Non-Transferable Tokens)是指那些无法转移的代币,类似于灵魂绑定代币(SBT),它们预计将在与政府文件相关的相关用例中得到广泛使用。

举个例子,政府部门可以基于该标准建立一个治理门户,为公民发放不可转让的 NFT 国民身份证,持有这些 NFT 的人可以获得政府提供的福利。

4.生息资产

生息资产(Interest-Bearing Assets)是指在持有期间能够产生利息的代币。

基于「Token Extension」,我们可以构建通过质押或使用 DeFi 策略获得利息的代币、流动性质押代币或稳定币,也可以包括任何类型的现实世界资产(RWA),如美国国债等。详解Solana新功能「Token Extension」:助力下一个杀手级应用?


举个例子,我们可以推出一个类似于「Solana 版本 USDe」的 delta 中性稳定币,其中每个用户通过持有 jitoSOL 头寸来管理其挂钩情况,并以 1: 1 的比例开设空头头寸(延伸阅读《27% !比 UST 年化还高的 USDe 是不是庞氏骗局?》)。

那对应的金库就可以通过资金费率收入和质押收益赚取利息,并使用再平衡策略来维持挂钩。

5.元数据

基于「Token Extension」,现在可以使用 Command Line/JavaScript 将 NFT 的元数据(Metadata)存储在 SPL 标准的代币中。

这是非常重要的,因为 NFT 正在变得真正的链上化,而这可能会刺激对链上游戏的需求。详解Solana新功能「Token Extension」:助力下一个杀手级应用?


举个例子,我们可以构建一个基础的逻辑游戏,譬如只能由持有链上 NFT 或者 SBT 的玩家才能访问。由于「Token Extension」允许将所有这些功能合并起来,因此可以直接构建该游戏。

一个综合样例

我们可以结合上面的 5 个方向,来设想一个综合样例:

我们可以建立一个 DeFi 借贷应用程序,只允许那些 Nomis 分数高于 500 的钱包地址使用(通过转账 Hooks 实现这一点);而用户可以在该平台上存入 jitoSOL 并获得 7.5% 的年化收益和积分(通过生息代币实现这一点)。详解Solana新功能「Token Extension」:助力下一个杀手级应用?


就我个人而言,我对「Token Extension」的未来感到非常兴奋。我相信它会是游戏规则的改变者,将帮助开发人员构建下一个杀手级 Web3 应用程序。

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