Solana 流动性质押格局:Jito 与 Marinade 谁是王者?

foresightnewsPublished on 2023-12-21Last updated on 2023-12-21

Abstract

相较于 Jito,Marinade 的价格被低估了。

相较于 Jito,Marinade 的价格被低估了。


撰文:Michael Nadeau

编译:Luffy,Foresight News

 

12 月 7 日的 Jito 空投点燃了 Solana DeFi 生态。我们很高兴见证这场浪潮,因为它意味着我们的流动质押理论正在大范围发挥作用。

 

在本周的报告中,我们将重新审视 Solana 流动性质押理论,涵盖的主题包括:

 

  • 回顾我们五月分享的观点以及所发生的事情
  • Jito 与 Marinade 的数据对比(加上 Lido)
  • Marinade 2.0 更新
  • 展望未来

 

重温 Solana 流动性质押理论

 

5 月 9 日,我们分享了一篇题为「Solana 上的流动质押设置」的报告。

 

我们的观点很简单:

 

  • 我们坚信 Solana 将重新成为以太坊的第一大竞争对手。
  • 随着 Solana 的重新崛起,DeFi 将再次活跃起来。
  • 为此,需要激发流动性增长。
  • 我们认为流动性质押可以发挥作用。为什么?用户可以质押 SOL,然后将其存款代币 (mSOL) 投入 DeFi 以获得额外收益(并承担额外的智能合约风险)。 * 我们之前观察到 Lido 通过 stETH 与 Aave 集成后在以太坊上崛起。
  • 我们意识到 Solana 的质押率很高。但只有 2.7% 被锁定在流动性质押解决方案中(以太坊当时的数字是这个 10 倍)。

 

我们认为差距将会缩小,因此我们开始探索表达我们论点的方法。

 

进入 Marinade Finance。我们的努力包括成为早期用户、一些数字处理、业务模型分析、阅读治理文档、浏览 Discord 社区、研究以及与一些团队成员交谈。

 

当时我们正处于加密货币冬天的严寒之中,尚不清楚 Marinade 的精干团队能否生存下来。它的市场估值徘徊在 600 至 1000 万美元之间,这反映出市场的恐惧情绪。

 

但 Marinade 有很多令人欣喜的地方:

 

  • 他们是 Solana 上第一个流动性质押协议。
  • 团队诞生于 Solana 黑客松,没有风险投资人参与启动。
  • Marinade 与 Solana 基金会有着密切的联系。
  • Marinade 与所有主要的 Solana DeFi 项目集成(通过 mSOL)。
  • 治理文档组织良好且易于访问。
  • Discord 渠道有序且成熟。
  • Marinade 经常与其社区进行交流。
  • 验证者列表和采用率是透明的。
  • 核心团队希望激励措施与社区保持一致(团队受到 TVL 里程碑的激励)。
  • MNDE 代币在 Coinbase 上市(现在还包括 crypto.com 和 Kucoin)
  • Marinade 对 FTX 的风险敞口为零。

 

最后,当使用这个产品时,我们灵光一现。这是我们在加密领域见过的最好的用户体验。这里也要赞扬一下 Phantom 钱包。

 

如前所述,当时 Marinade 的市值还不到 1000 万美元,代币价格约为 0.035 美元。从那时起,Marinade 的市值升至 1.5 亿美元(撰写本文时为 7700 万美元),代币价格触及 0.63 美元(18 倍)。同期唯一表现优于 Marinade 的 Solana 项目是 Bonk,增长了令人瞠目结舌的 43 倍。

 

是什么推动了这一巨大增长?

 

流动性又回到了市场。 SOL 从 10 月中旬开始采取了重要举措,然后 Solana DeFi 就活跃起来了。

 

但真正关键的催化剂是在上周 Jito(Solana 上排名第二的流动性质押解决方案)空投,其完全流通市值超过 20 亿美元。

 

以下是我们对 2023 年 9 月 5 日的分析的回顾,并使用当前数据进行了更新:

 

数据来源:Solana Compass、Marinade.Finance、Coingecko

 

截至撰写本文时,Marinade 的交易价格为 0.75 美元(完全流通市值为 3.09 亿美元)。 Jito 的流通估值为 2.78 亿美元(完全流通后为 24 亿美元,是 Marinade 的 7.7 倍)。

 

这引发我们思考,Marinade 仍然被低估了吗?

 

Marinade vs Jito

 

首先,恭喜 Jito 团队以及获得空投的用户。

 

一些估算表明,超过 10,000 人通过 Jito 空投赚取了 10-20 万美元。虽然有人指出估值存在泡沫,但这是创造财富的一项令人难以置信的壮举,我们认为这一点还没有得到足够的讨论:加密货币对早期用户的奖励比历史上任何行业都多。

 

更不用说,我们很高兴看到一个强大的竞争对手进入 Solana 的流动质押领域。我们相信这场比赛对两支球队来说都是好事。竞争有利于创新,也有利于 Solana 网络的健康、安全和去中心化。

 

话虽如此,现在我们的工作是弄清楚为什么市场对 Jito 的定价是 Marinade 的 7.7 倍。

 

一些重要数据的概览视图:


数据来源:Dune (@ilemi)、Jito、Marinade.Finance、defillama

 

再次强调:Jito 的完全流通后市值是 Marinade 的近 7.7 倍。

 

我想起了传奇投资者本杰明·格雷厄姆的名言: 

 

「从短期来看,市场是一台投票机;但从长期来看,市场是一台称重机。」

 

一些背景:

 

投票机=短期叙述(长期噪音)。

 

称重机=基本面(长期信号)。 

 

市场上的说法是 Jito = Lido + Flashbots。 Jito 有一些「特殊的秘密武器」,因为它会将一些 MEV 返还给其质押池中的委托人。

 

但 Marinade 也有这个功能。事实上,Marinade 的质押池将其大部分质押委托给 Jito 验证者,后者使用 Marinade 的界面将 MEV 返回给质押者。迄今为止,Marinade 在 MEV 中返还了 200 SOL,而 Jito 为 264 SOL。 (根据团队的说法,Marinade MEV 仪表板即将推出)。

 

那么,当我们将 Jito 与 Marinade 进行比较时,真正有什么特殊之处呢?我们没有看到。

 

事实上,我们在 Marinade 中看到了比 Jito 更多的优势。

 

风险投资

 

值得重申的是,Marinade Finance 是一个没有 VC 参与启动的项目。当代币通过空投向早期用户分发时(正如 Jito 在 12 月 7 日所做的那样),其初始估值是由市场决定的,没有来自 Marinade 的影响。

 

Jito 采用了不同的方式融资和启动代币。 Multicoin、Framework、Solana Ventures、Delphi Ventures、Robot Ventures、Alameda (RIP) 等都是项目的投资者。 

 

我们认为,Jito 的初始上市价格可能受到支持该项目的风投的影响。当然,市场总是可以对代币重新定价,但最初的上市价格在我们认为目前被高估的代币中发挥了作用。

 

市场清醒了吗?

 

两个潜在的结果:

 

Jito 空投重置了 Solana 流动质押协议的估值。在这种情况下,Marinade 的价格仍然偏低。

 

Jito 空投让市场疯狂了,Jito 的价格需要回归现实。

 

我们认为这更有可能是两者的结合。

 

为了进一步进行压力测试,让我们看一下以太坊中的 Lido:

 

数据来源:Etherscan、Lido.finance、Glassnode、Dune (@hildobby)、Coingecko

 

再一次,数字告诉我们,Marinade 的价格被低估了。例如:Lido 的 DAO 收入目前比 Marinade 高 1.2 倍,总收入高出 0.8 倍。

 

Marinade 2.0 更新

 

在过去的几年,Marinade 团队一直在痴迷于质押,并与每一个愿意倾听的质押者交谈。 

 

自我们五月份首次报道该项目以来,一系列的迭代最终带来了一些重要的创新。 

 

Marinade 原生质押(Native Stake): 到目前为止,那些希望通过多个网络验证器原生质押 SOL 的人需要 1) 多笔交易,2) 持续的性能监控,以及 3) 接触智能合约风险。 

 

这使得质押对于许多规避风险的机构投资者来说失去了吸引力。 Native Stake 通过访问 150 多个性能最佳的验证器来消除智能合约风险,从而解决了这个问题。 Marinade 于 7 月推出,目前「Native Stake」超过 380 万个 SOL。 

 

要点:所有质押 SOL(3.7 亿)中大约 96% 是由个人验证者质押的。因此,通过推出这款新产品,Marinade 成为了 270 亿美元市场机遇的先行者。原生质押者转向 Marinade 的动机是 1) 可以选择委托给经过审查和监控的验证者组,2) 降低中心化风险,3) 监控所有验证者的表现。

 

请注意,Native Stake 目前尚未商业化,但我们了解团队有计划这样做。Native Stake 的商业模式可能会对我们的前瞻性收入模式产生重大影响。

 

MNDE 代币效用: Marinade 质押池的 20% 现在由 MNDE 代币通过投票决定。 

 

要点:MNDE 持有者可以使用他们的 MNDE 代币为验证者投票,从而获得更高的质押奖励。这不仅激励了验证者的正确行为,而且还为 MNDE 代币创造了新的效用。 

 

DeFi 中锁定的 mSOL

 

数据:Dune (@ilemi)

 

目前,Solana DeFi 中锁定了超过 200 万个 mSOL(质押 SOL 的「收据代币」),占流通总量的近 30%。我们认为这对于 mSOL 的实用性来说是一个积极的信号,无论是对于 Marinade 用户还是对于整个 Solana DeFi 流动性而言都是如此。

 

期待

 

我们问自己的关键问题是什么:

 

  • 流动质押解决方案中的 Solana 质押率是否会继续接近以太坊数字(目前为 4.7% vs 24%)? 我们认为答案是肯定的。
  • 我们在开源网络和协议中看到的幂律是否适用于 Solana 流动性质押领域? 我们认为答案是肯定的。
  • 市场重新定价 Jito 的价格更有可能下​​跌,还是 Marinade 的价格上涨? 我们认为是后者。
  • Marinade 的表现会超越 Jito 吗? 我们认为答案是肯定的(有波动性)。
  • Marinade 的表现会超越 SOL 吗? 我们认为答案是肯定的(有波动性)。

 

什么可能会推翻我们的理论?

 

  • Solana 的势头逐渐消失。 从概率上讲,考虑到我们开始看到的风险投资活动,我们认为这种可能性较小。
  • 技术错误。 这适用于市场上的每个加密协议,但始终需要考虑。
  • 竞争对手进入市场并可能将用户从 Marinade 中夺走。 Marinade TVL 在 Jito 推出代币后不断增长。 Blaze 也是如此,我们正在密切关注的一个新兴解决方案。
  • 执行 / 团队风险。 到目前为止一切都很好,但我们不能忽视这一点。
  • 宏观风险。 我们认为目前看起来一切都好,但预计在某个时候会出现波动。


不要忘记:Solana 目前的通货膨胀率为 5-6%。如果你持有 SOL 而没有质押,该协议就会稀释你的权益。

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