国际商事仲裁,你应该知道的三件事

Odaily星球日报Published on 2023-12-10Last updated on 2023-12-10

Abstract

国际仲裁机构可以随便选吗?

01 国际仲裁机构可以随便选吗?

可以。

这个问题,一般出现在有法律基础的朋友们中。因为管辖法院需要选择与争议有实际联系地点的法院,比如被告住所地、原告住所地、合同履行地、合同签署地或标的物所在地等。所以,对于仲裁机构的选择也会有先入为主的误区。但是,各大仲裁机构的仲裁规则没有就当事人对仲裁机构的选择做出任何连接点上的限制。简而言之,比如两个中国人在新加坡签署了一份虚拟货币的委托理财合同,约定香港国际仲裁中心管辖,完全没有任何问题。

02 仲裁规则、仲裁地可以随便选吗?

一般而言,可以,具体取决国际商事仲裁机构自身的规定。但是,虽然在 A 仲裁机构适用 B 仲裁机构的仲裁规则不被禁止,但是,这样的“混合”仲裁协议可能造成仲裁规则与仲裁机构本身的不适配;产生机构对规则灵活变通适用的不稳定性;造成可能的多重管辖,增加当事人诉累等问题。另外,在仲裁机构所在地以外选定仲裁地可能有仲裁裁决的撤销由仲裁地的法院如何实施管辖,在执行阶段该类仲裁裁决是否属于需要依照《纽约公约》进行承认和执行的“外国仲裁裁决”等问题。因此,曼昆金律师建议,当事人尽可能保持仲裁机构、仲裁规则及仲裁地等元素的一致性,以使仲裁程序进行和裁决执行的稳定性得到最好的保障。

国际商事仲裁,你应该知道的三件事

03 可以聘请中国律师代理国际仲裁吗?

可以。

任何获得当事人授权的人均可以成为仲裁代理人。不论是《中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会仲裁规则(2015 版)》第 22 条“当事人可以授权中国及/或外国的仲裁代理人办理有关仲裁事项”,还是《新加坡国际仲裁中心仲裁规则第六版(2016 年 8 月 1 日)》第 23.1 条“执业律师或者其他任何获得授权的人均可以代表当事人参与仲裁”,还是《香港国际仲裁中心机构仲裁规则(2018 年)》第 13.6 条“当事人可以自由选择代理人”,甚至是《国际商会 2021 仲裁规则》都没有对代理人的资格设置任何限制。因此,在选聘国际仲裁的代理律师时,无需受限于律师的国籍或执业地区,而只需要考察其国际仲裁经验与能力。但是,曼昆的朋友们可能会有进一步疑问,如果约定适用国外法律,也可以聘请中国律师吗,中国律师还要学习国外法律,这不费事费力吗?并非如此。

原因有如下 2 点:

(1)除了准据法是国外法律,其他案件要素没有太多涉外性。很多案件中,虽然当事人选择了适用国外法律,但当事人双方都是中国企业、业务本身的沟通交流也在国内进行。在这种情况下,如果选聘中国律师,将能够高效沟通,有效地完成证据的收集整理,还原案件事实,并根据企业的诉求制定整体案件策略。曼昆金律师也听到很多,中国企业与外国律师合作体验逊于与中国律师合作体验的反馈。

(2)国际仲裁案件中,与准据法相关的工作量占比并不大。与案件事实相关的工作,包括审阅文件和沟通记录,访谈亲历人员,全面梳理案件事实、证据材料和准备事实证人证言等,可能占据仲裁律师至少 50% 的工作量;应对仲裁程序相关的工作,包括程序会议、申请临时措施和开庭准备等等,也会占据律师至少 20% 至 30% 的工作量。也就是说,仲裁律师 70% 至 80% 的工作与案涉合同的准据法并不挂钩。而与准据法挂钩的工作,有多种方式可以解决,包括由该国律师就具体的外国法律问题出具法律意见、聘请法律专家出具专家报告等方式。

作者:金鉴智律师(上海曼昆律师事务所资深律师)

参考链接:https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=c36708eb-d332-4bdc-9fdd-05ba176f32b e https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=32a518a4-d2b e-4926-9 d 82-a 5298939685 a

Related Reads

$9.4 Billion: The Largest Robotics Funding This Year Has Emerged

Munich-based humanoid robotics company Neura has completed a $1.4 billion (approximately RMB 94.9 billion) Series C funding round, valuing the company at around $7 billion and positioning it among the global leaders in the sector. The investment round is notable not just for its size—reportedly the largest in robotics this year—but also for its strategic backers, which include tech giants like NVIDIA and Amazon, alongside established industrial players such as German engineering firms Bosch and Schaeffler. This mix of investors signals a significant shift in the industry's focus from technological demonstrations and general-purpose narratives toward practical, industrial deployment and commercialization. Neura's approach centers on developing humanoid robots for defined, high-value industrial tasks rather than pursuing a general-purpose model. Its early validation comes from a partnership with BMW, where its robots are being tested on actual production lines. The involvement of Bosch and Schaeffler, companies deeply embedded in global manufacturing, underscores a growing belief that humanoid robots are transitioning from labs to viable factory-floor solutions. The article highlights two converging trends driving investment: advancements in AI and large language models, which enhance robots' perception and decision-making in unstructured environments, and mounting pressure from labor shortages and rising costs in major manufacturing regions. The funding landscape is now bifurcating between companies like Figure AI, focusing on versatile general-purpose robots, and firms like Neura, targeting specific vertical industrial applications with clearer, shorter paths to ROI. While technical hurdles remain, the core challenges for widespread adoption are increasingly seen as engineering and commercial in nature: managing the high integration and customization costs for different factory environments and establishing robust, localized maintenance and service networks. The record investment in Neura, particularly from industrial capital, indicates the industry's growing confidence in moving from proving feasibility to solving the practical problems of scalability, reliability, and building sustainable business models around humanoid robots in real-world settings like automotive manufacturing and hazardous labor environments.

marsbit2h ago

$9.4 Billion: The Largest Robotics Funding This Year Has Emerged

marsbit2h ago

"119 to 176 Dollars": Behind SpaceX's Listing, MSX Once Again Successfully Executes the Pre-IPO Closed Loop

Following May's 300% gain on Cerebras, MSX delivered another outstanding performance during SpaceX's listing night. On June 12, SpaceX (SPCX) launched on Nasdaq, reaching a high of $176. This marked the successful culmination of MSX's Pre-IPO project launched in March, where users subscribed at $119, achieving gains of approximately 40-48%. This event validated MSX's complete Pre-IPO mechanism, a crucial advantage in a market where access to top-tier private company equity is typically limited to institutions. MSX's model provides a full cycle for users: subscription (at $119 for SpaceX), real-time on-chain portfolio tracking, optional early redemption, seamless conversion to tradable spot assets (SPCX.M) upon IPO, and final settlement in stablecoins. This end-to-end process distinguishes MSX from platforms that faced settlement issues during the SpaceX IPO, highlighting that the core challenge of Pre-IPO is not just access, but a clear exit and conversion path post-listing. This success with SpaceX is MSX's second major Pre-IPO verification, following the Cerebras listing in May, which yielded ~300% returns for early participants. These back-to-back achievements demonstrate MSX's capability to source, structure, and deliver real assets through a replicable on-chain model. The true barrier for Pre-IPO products lies not in providing an entry point, but in ensuring reliable fulfillment from subscription through to post-IPO liquidity. MSX's proven闭环 (closed-loop) process addresses this, offering Web3 users a structured way to access high-growth, pre-public companies in sectors like AI and frontier tech. MSX plans to continue expanding its Pre-IPO portfolio with this focus on authenticity, transparency, and post-listing execution.

Odaily星球日报15h ago

"119 to 176 Dollars": Behind SpaceX's Listing, MSX Once Again Successfully Executes the Pre-IPO Closed Loop

Odaily星球日报15h ago

Trading

Spot
Futures
活动图片