Web 3.0从何而来,又将从何而去?

巴比特Published on 2022-04-19Last updated on 2022-05-09

Abstract

Web3.0 具备开放、隐私和共建三大特征。

Web3.0 将从开放、隐私和共建三个角度去颠覆 Web2.0 互联网,并打造一个由用户社区主导的去中心化世界,重构互联网流量价值范式。
开放、隐私、共建,Web3.0正从三个方向改造重构我们所熟知的互联网,即以核心互联网公司为节点的Web2.0。
不过,随着Web3.0 越来越多地被业界提及,什么是 Web3.0?Web3.0 有哪些特征?为什么我们需要 Web3.0?这些疑问也越来越成为困扰当代互联网人的三朵乌云,接下来我们将试着帮助大家驱散上述三朵乌云。
Web3.0从何而来?
有人说Web3.0指基于区块链的去中心化在线生态系统,也有人说Web3.0更多的不是仅仅一种技术上的革新,而是以统一的通讯协议,通过更加简洁的方式为用户提供更为个性化的互联网信息资讯定制的一种技术整合。而我们觉得Web3.0是一个互联网流量价值范式,它打破了 Web2.0 的生态圈界限,应用之间的复合性、组合性将不受限制,用户在 Web3.0世界将以开放的姿态驰骋,在隐私得到充分保护的情况下充分发挥创造力,同时流量价值将回馈给用户和社区。

Web3.0 具备开放、隐私和共建三大特征。
首先是开放。在Web1.0时代,互联网实现了任何人都可交易,交易是没有门槛的;在Web2.0时代,互联网又实现了任何人都可参与的壮举,用户生产内容合法化、社区化;而在Web3.0时代,互联网的开放性更进一步,用户行为不受第三方限制、互联网应用打破原有的所谓生态内、生态间的界限,应用之间具有高度的组合性和复合性,互联网实现了任何人都可创新。
其次是隐私。在Web2.0,虽然内容可以由每个网友所生产,但是我们所生产的所有数据都被存放在互联网巨头手中,不信你去点开《王者荣耀》的用户隐私协议看看,你只有数据的使用权,并没有所有权。正因如此,所以在Web2.0时代我们经常能够看到隐私泄露的新闻。而Web3.0由区块链和跨链技术、去中心化身份、分布式存储、隐私计算等基础设施构成,在隐私层面具备得天独厚的优势。


最后是共建。用户在 Web2.0 互联网应用中的内容创造是多方面受限的(受平台审核限制、跨平台限制),在社区治理方面的限制更甚,因此也就限制了用户在创作者经济共享方面的价值捕获。Web3.0 将打破这些限制,同时区块链的代币激励机制将内容经济的价值有效地反馈给创作者。共建、共享的另一个方面是共治,即 DAO。
我们通过对比Web3.0 与 Web2.0 、 Web1.0 的特征可以发现,Web3.0本质上是数据价值再分配的变化,只要是符合Web3.0 精神的都能够算得上Web3.0,那么既然人类已经来到Web3.0 的十字路口,Web3.0 的落地形态会是怎么的呢?
Web3.0从何而去?
Web3.0 充满了想象力,不过其最终的落地形态现在并不能清晰判断,但其趋势已然出现苗头。在向 Web3.0 演进过程中,有很多 Web 2.0和 Web 3.0 混合形态的产品出现,典型代表是 Opensea 和 Metamask 钱包,目前我们能够大胆想象的方向主要有两个。
其一是元宇宙。Web2 时代的互联网存在着明显的生态界限(这是由于中心化公司运作方式下的结果),一家互联网巨头控制住生态的核心准入,跨生态的应用是比较少的——例如在线支付工具跨生态的限制、重要互联网应用入口之间超链接的屏蔽。所谓的互联网应用,其实被限制在不同生态局域内的活动。
而 Web3 时代的元宇宙世界,Web2 时代的“鸿沟”和界限将被打破。例如,一个元宇宙中的主体,除了在 DeFi 市场从事经济活动,也可以持有现实世界的资产权益。也就是说,元宇宙中的资产,并不存在“虚拟世界”账户与“现实世界”账户系统之间的隔离,元宇宙将是“现实世界”与“虚拟世界”的融合形态。

其二是网页。Web2.0 时代,各类 APP 成为应用的主阵地,催生了买量、刷机等生意,用户的大量时间、数据被捆绑在头部 APP 中。而现存的 Web 3.0 应用,在 PC 端主要以 web 浏览器方式访问。手机端为 web 浏览器访问,钱包 App 也可以作为入口,但仍以 web 方式访问具体应用。
不同于 Web 2.0 时代厂商喜欢开发独立的移动端 App 和 PC 客户端,Web 3.0也许将打破这一现象。App 和客户端对于用户行为数据收集可能更为方便、也方便核心厂商对生态应用的管理(类似 appstore 那样的应用商店审核和管理),这一点在注重隐私和开发的 Web 3.0 时代将改变,也许 Web 3.0 正如其名字一样,web 将作为一切应用的基础。

当然, Web3.0 目前仍是一个伊甸园,不仅技术上不完善,而且在制度、法规上也是漏洞百出,但它一定是随着生产力(算力)的提升不断孕育出新的生产方式(数据价值再分配)。

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