RWAs借贷协议盘点

PanewsPublished on 2023-07-17Last updated on 2023-07-17

Abstract

随着传统金融无风险利率上升和DeFi 收益率下降,投资者纷纷涌入美债市场。为了重新扩大扩大市场规模和为用户提供更可持续稳定的收益,DeFi协议将RWA作为抵押品来源或新的投资机会。

RWAs借贷协议盘点



作者:Jaden,LD Capital 前言
随着传统金融无风险利率上升和DeFi 收益率下降,投资者纷纷涌入美债市场。为了重新扩大扩大市场规模和为用户提供更可持续稳定的收益,DeFi协议将RWA作为抵押品来源或新的投资机会。
RWA借贷协议累计借款量达到44亿美元,高峰时期为2022年5月达到14亿美元,当前RWA借贷协议借款额不足5亿美元(不包含MakerDAO)。尤其是在2022年去杠杆阶段机构连环撤资,部分借贷协议出现了坏账。尽管市场对RWA板块关注度增加,但借款量仍然没有很大起色。近一年来,RWA板块资金增长主要是针对美债认购业务。
本文将根据根据Nansen和Rwa.xyz跟踪,主要介绍接入现实资产的最活跃的借贷协议并跟进发展动态,这些协议分别是MakerDAO、Maple FinanceTruefiGoldfinchCentrifuge和Clearpool。
图:RWAs协议活跃贷款量

RWAs借贷协议盘点



来源:rwa.xyz,LD Research MakerDAO
Rank#70
MakerDAO为稳定币协议,允许用户抵押加密资产借出锚定美元的稳定币Dai。
MakerDAO RWAs板块分为2部分,一是MIP21,支持RWA作为抵押物进行借贷,并采用Centrifuge Tinlake作为底层,通常收取4%的稳定费,提案于2020年11月通过。二是MIP65,即支持通过PSM模块获取USDC并由 Monetalis进行策略化投资,最初债务上限额度为5亿美元,随后于2023年3月将债务上限提高为12.5亿美元,这部分新增的7.5亿美金将在后续6个月内分12次购买美国债券。
图:MakerDAO RWA抵押借贷运作方式

RWAs借贷协议盘点



来源:MakerDAO blog,LD Research 截至2023年6月24日,根据dune数据,MakerDAO RWA业务规模将近14亿美元,占MakerDAO资产负债表41%,带来530万美元收入,占协议年化收入的52.2%。
图:MakerDAO RWAs

RWAs借贷协议盘点



来源:dune.com,LD Research 代币模型
代币总量为100万枚,由于在协议运行过程中存在增发(填补协议坏账)和协议盈利销毁回购机制,因此当前实际流通量为977,631.03。
代币主要作用为治理,后续将针对Spark协议增加质押挖矿功能。
Centrifuge
Rank#257
Centrifuge成立于2017年,由Lucas Vogelsang、Maex Ament和Martin Quensel联合创立,由柏林投资银行 Pro FIT 方案推动,与欧洲区域发展基金(EFE)共同供资开发。2022年1月 29 日, Centrifuge 以锁定 5,435,100 DOT 赢得 Polkadot 第 8 次平行链插槽拍卖。
其产品为Tinlake,支持用户抵押资产并产生一个NFT进行融资,每一个资产池都具有2种不同风险的代币,Tin和Drop。Centrifuge收取0.4%平台费。
Centrifuge Tinlake是MakerDAO RWA抵押借贷的底层。2021年4月,金融机构New Silver率先在其Tinlake合约中建立了房产修复转手贷款池(fix and flip loans),依托MakerDAO作为信贷设施完成第一笔贷款融资。
2022年12月底,BlockTower Credit 与 Maker 和 Centrifuge 合作,将 2.2 亿美元的现实世界资产带入DeFi。Maker将发行由这些RWA支持的Dai贷款,Centrifuge 将处理链上发行和代币化,而BlockTower Credit将充当资产管理者。
2023年2月Centrifuge在Aave社区提议将现实世界资产(RWA)引入Aave,并将其作为原生稳定币GHO的抵押品。Centrifuge表示一旦GHO做好准备,就发布正式提案。
2023 年1月至2023年6月,Centrifuge并无重大进展。
Centrifuge收取的平台费尽管非常低,但接入的资金体量大,并且是最早采用风险分级的协议之一。
代币模型
Centrifuge最初发布了400,000,000 CFG,并将其分发给了基金会和最初的贡献者、核心团队、投资者和验证者。为了支付 PoS 区块奖励,预计每年将额外铸造 3%的CFG代币,但是用于支付交易费用的代币会燃烧掉,以稳定CFG代币的总供应量。但其主链交易少,因此销毁的代币量极少。目前有部分CFG桥接至以太坊。CFG的主要用途为质押、支付主链上交易费用以及参与治理。
Maple Finance
Rank#395
Maple Finance创建于2020年,2021年5月正式上线,产品上线Solana和Ethereum链,主要业务是为机构提供无抵押借贷服务,过去用户主体为加密公司,因此在2022年去杠杆的市场环境下产生了5,200万美元坏账。
根据Defillama,2023年3月是Maple Finance TVL历史低点(24M),随后协议在5月推出了针对美国国债的现金管理池后TVL有所反弹,相较于Truefi即将推出的美债池,Maple Finance并没有最低认购额度,但从链上记录来看仍是以大额认购为主。6月12日推出不定期贷款池以提高协议灵活性。截至2023年6月24日,Maple Finance TVL达到62.82M,其中RWA板块TVL为22.83M。
Maple Finance收取0.66%平台费用和2.5%履约费(在偿还贷款时按照利息的百分比支付)。
图:Maple TVL on Ethereum

RWAs借贷协议盘点



来源:Defillama,LD Research 代币模型
Maple Finance发行两种代币,其中MPL在以太坊上发行,SYRUP在SOL上发行,总量各10,000,000。用户质押MPL后可获得xMPL,协议收入50%将用于回购市面上的MPL奖励xMPL持有者。目前MPL流通量为796万枚,其中30.41%参与质押,已回购MPL数量为30,010。
Truefi
Rank#429
Truefi是TrustToken团队于2020年创建面向投资机构的无抵押借贷协议。TrustToken此前曾创建了TUSD,但已于2020年将该板块业务出售给名为Techteryx 的公司。
Truefi协议TVL跌破1000万美元后没有反弹迹象,协议目前暂无活跃借款池。Adapt3r digital即将开放美国债券池,认购额度最小为10万美元,目前处于登记申请阶段。
协议收取0.5%平台费。
图:Truefi TVL

RWAs借贷协议盘点



来源:DeFillama,LD Research (协议内显示TVL为$17.25M,其中未偿贷款金额为7.17M,与DeFillama存在出入)
代币模型
TRU最大供应量为14.5亿,当前代币供应量为1,198,450,773,当前流通量为1,061,445,050,销毁2.51亿枚代币。截至2023年5月22日团队统计数据,团队、代币销售、流动性奖励和治理部分锁定代币约1.4亿枚。
TRU价值捕获来自:
1)质押,批准或拒绝新贷款;
2)储备金;
3)流动性激励;
4)治理。
Goldfinch
#737
Goldfinch Finance主要业务是实体公司提供贷款,目标客户是债务基金和金融科技公司等借贷企业,为他们提供USDC的信用额度。
根据dune数据,Goldfinch活跃贷款量和协议TVL从2022年5月起基本处于停滞增长的状态,总贷款额度维持在1亿美金左右,主要原因在于无抵押借贷需要对实体进行详尽调查,同时贷款方通常为机构,在熊市阶段下,贷款方和借款方对风险和收益评估难以匹配。
Goldfinch收入来自借款人支付的利息和LP产生的取款费,DAO会收取上述费用的10%。LP从高级池中提现时需要支付0.5%的提现费用,该费用也会分配给DAO。
图:Goldfinch 活跃贷款量/TVL

RWAs借贷协议盘点



来源:dune.com,LD Research 代币模型
代币总量114,285,714,未来(2年后)可能会引入适度通胀计划,最终由社区决定,当前代币流通量为51.9m,占代币总量的45%。代币总量将近55%在TGE后3年释放,每月释放量约为176万枚。
Clear Pool
Rank#960
协议于2022年Q1上线以太坊主网,团队成员主要来自传统金融机构,协议产品包括无需许可池和需许可池。
无许可池是指任何人可提供借款,但借款人仍需要经过向团队申请名单。无许可池大小是动态的,对贷方可以提供的流动性数量没有限制。借款人可以使用利用率/利率曲线来优化资金池规模,无确定的归还贷款时间,利息动态计算。其借贷方式类似Aave等抵押借贷协议。但池子的利用率需要保持在95%以下,当利用率超过95%时,借款人不可再进行借款。超过99%,贷款人不可提款,且借款人需要偿还一部分资金。
Prime为Clearpool即将推出的需许可池,搭建在Polygon上,目前处于测试网阶段。Prime池参与方都需要经过KYC和AML调查。
2023年3月为协议TVL低点(2.6m),当前TVL为28.49m,但自5月以来TVL进入增速减缓。
图:Clearpool TVL

RWAs借贷协议盘点



来源:Defillama,LD Research 代币模型
代币CPOOL总量为10亿个,公募轮估值为4000万美元,目前处于破发状态。
2024年1月前,每月28日释放代币总流通量的3.11%。
代币价值捕获来自于:
1)协议收入5%用于回购;
2)质押获得代币奖励;
3)参与治理。


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