Bitwu看RWA:DeFi未来之水,无限流动性

MarsBitPublished on 2023-04-28Last updated on 2023-04-28

Abstract

币安高盛都在布局的RWA 能否成为DeFi下一个增长引擎?

币安高盛都在布局的RWA 能否成为DeFi下一个增长引擎?

近期币安研究院发布RWA 相关研究文案,嫁接TradFi与DeFi的桥梁,老吴觉得RWA 的叙述对于虚拟资产市场尤其值得注意,特别是对Defi的影响,Thread包括:

1 RWA是什么

2 RWA可能对DeFi的潜在影响

3 RWA的发展和挑战

4 RWA赛道推荐布局的5类代币

1.RWA是什么?

简单来说,就是把现实世界资产的价值代币化,价值映射到链上并交易,比如最早主打“资产上链”的BTM比原链,干的就是RWA,RWA可以是有形或无形资产,比如地产、债券、股票、货币、甚至汽车、棉花

币圈目前最成功的RWA就是USDT、USDC,也就是把美元映射到链上并代币化

2.RWA对DeFi产生的潜在影响

最核心的影响就是打通传统金融和加密金融,增加外部性,目前DeFi是一个相对封闭的系统,收益来自内生系统,如DEX手续费、借贷费用、以及链的质押通胀收益等,这更像是一个空转的封闭金融系统。

1)打破地域条件限制,全球资产流通

而RWA可以将现实资产上链,通过代币化进入链上,DeFi就会多一层更广阔的收益源头,也让这些资产打破地域限制,让更多人可以低门槛接触这些资产,比如美元稳定币USDC,国内像换成美元避险,会有各种限制因素,而美元稳定币则打破了这些限制。

2)扩张DeFi收益源头,提供持续性动力

在谈DeFi收益源,现在Crv、AAVE这些DeFi的稳健性收益率是非常低的,只有2%以下,而美债收益率却有5%,而两者的风险对比,甚至美债更低。从现有的RWA生态来看,MakerDAO的大部分RWA抵押品(约5亿美元)是以由Monetalis管理的美国国债形式出现,贡献超过58%的收入。RWA有效增加DeFi协议收入已被MakerDAO给验证了,而收益是DeFi协议的核心竞争力,更重要的是这个收益是吸收自真实世界的收益。

3)DeFi未来之水,无限流动性

我们都知道资本市场的繁荣离不开放水,但这个水怎么进入加密圈,则是我们需要思考的点,在上轮,这个水是通过稳定币,中心化稳定币确实打通了这个通道,如果没有USDT、USDC的出现,加密圈的繁荣将大打折扣。

而稳定币远远不够,DeFi需要更多的水,老吴认为RWA很大可能是下轮DeFi之水,大量的国债上链、房地产上链,为DeFi提供了现实世界真实收益率外,更重要的带来了外部的水。

3.RWA的生态和发展

RWA并不是新概念,我们常用的USDT、USDC就是RWA,它并不是来自原生,而是现实美元在链上的映射投影,因此RWA在币圈并不是新生儿,而是被验证了很久。

除了稳定币外,RWA最被欢迎的资产类型就是美国国债、房地产、碳信用、以及股票。以国债为例,MakerDAO的RWA业务规模超过6.8亿美元,其中5亿美元的RWA抵押品就是美国国债,另外法国兴业银行从MakerDAO借了700万美元,其头寸由价值4000万欧元的AAA级债券作为OFH代币的支持。

房地产领域,RealT房地产 RWA 通过将房地产代币化可以解决房地产资产的流动性和交易成本问题。

比如原本需要按套买卖的房产可以碎片化出售,让普通的投资者以持有部分所有权的形式参与投资 以及之前火热过的美股上Uniswap,但这个严格上并不属于RWA,Uniswap上的美股代币只是链上单纯模拟出股票价格,并没有对应的链下确权和真实股票抵押,广义上姑且也纳入RWA范畴

目前整体而言,RWA的应用还只是初期,规模相比整个DeFi还非常小,大众接触最多的RWA只有稳定币,像其他资产类型,比如链上美债,市场参与度还非常低,很多人甚至都不知道有这个东西,需要更多的市场普及和应用推动。

4.RWA发展的最大掣肘

合规、意识形态对抗

还是先回到稳定币,USDT最大的诟病是啥,表面是中心化,内核是由中心化带来的资产不透明,大家怀疑1USDT背后是不是有1美元的价值作为支撑。

后续合规化稳定币USDC出现,由当局或强大的中心化主体来背书来保证安全性。这就是RWA发展的问题,因为是现实资产上链,怎么上链,怎么保持资产真实性,这必须由强大且有信任背书的中心化主体来参与、监管,以明确资产的价值、资产所有权、资产权益的法律保障等。

一句话,就是得合规化才能推动RWA的大规模发展

而且这个合规化的推进远比大家想的更复杂,比如RWA资产相关的借贷DeFi,一旦涉及清算就非常麻烦,因为RWA资产不是简单的ERC20代币,清算得涉及链下,也就是真实世界得配一套相关的法律执行机制,这远比大家想象的困难。

另外RWA发展也会带来一个更深层次的问题——意识形态的对抗

以龙卷风TORN为例,被美帝制裁后,USDC目公司直接把相关地址拉黑,这与加密圈的价值观发生了严重的冲突对抗,中心化和去中心化两者意识形态会突然水火不容。

RWA的发展也逃脱不了这种意识形态的对抗,繁荣时期,相互成就你好我也好,出事了,就立马阵营分裂,所以RWA的发展要平衡这两者的对抗是一个非常棘手的难题。

5.RWA赛道的相关代币

美债概念:MakerDAO(MKR)、Ondo Finance、Maple Finance(MPL) 地产概念:RealT

碳信用概念:Toucan、Flowcarbon、Regen Network RWA

垂直公链:Polymesh(POLYX)

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