上海升级在即,pos服务商需做好准备

TokenPublished on 2023-02-15Last updated on 2023-02-15

Abstract

以太坊2.0经历了beacon链的上线、合并之后,即将在3月份(根据最新消息,预计推迟到4月初)迎来又一次重大更新——上海升级。其中,Eth2.0的质押资产提款问题是此次升级需要解决的核心问题之一。随着上海升级的临近,以太坊staking产品近期在市场上获得了较高的关注度。

以太坊2.0经历了beacon链的上线、合并之后,即将在3月份(根据最新消息,预计推迟到4月初)迎来又一次重大更新——上海升级。其中,Eth2.0的质押资产提款问题是此次升级需要解决的核心问题之一。随着上海升级的临近,以太坊staking产品近期在市场上获得了较高的关注度,huobi pos的负责人xi jiazhen(业内常用名:Token)分享了pos服务商需要做的准备工作。

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一、关于提款

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上海升级生效之后,用户可以把之前质押在beacon链上的本金或收益提取到自己提供的地址上,从而自由支配相应的资产。提款可以分为全部提款和提取奖励,两者均需要设置提款地址,提款地址一经设置之后无法修改。全部提款需要用户发起退出validator的请求,排队等待确认,确认退出之后可以将全部资金取回;奖励的提取采用自动发放的形式,平均每隔几天自动入账。两类提款均不涉及gas费。

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设置提款地址

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提款(全部提款或者提取奖励),需要事先设置提款地址。

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在上海升级之前,用户只可以在初始创建validator的时候设置提款地址,无法在validator创建之后再设置,由于beacon链并未对设置提款地址做强制要求,所以导致部分validator的提款地址为空。目前(2.13日)全网总共有517052个validator,其中只有205178个设置了提现地址,未设置地址validator数量为311874,占比为60.3%。上海升级之后,用户可以针对未设置取款地址的validator发起设置提款地址的请求,但不可以修改提款地址。按照每个区块可以设置16个提款地址的理论值计算,3天之内(311874/115200 约2.7)可以全部设置完成。

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发起退出validator请求

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全部提款,需要先发起退出validator的操作,具体操作参见:https://docs.prylabs.network/docs/wallet/exiting-a-validator

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每天可退出的validator数量为:225(每天的epoch数量)*7(当前validator数量对应的每个epoch可退出数量),为1575个。极端情况下,当下所有的validator同时退出,理论最长需要:517052/1575,约为328天(实际上由于每个epoch可退出的validator数量与当前validator总量相关,所以全部退出花费的时间会更长)。

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奖励发放/全部提款

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提款条件

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部分提款:validator设置了提款地址 && validator状态为active && 余额>32ETH(有未领取的收益)

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全部提款:validator设置了提款地址 && validator状态为withdrawable(validator退出成功)

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符合条件的validator,即可进入可提现队列,以太坊会自动将ETH打到提现地址,无需额外操作。当前的提款周期为517052/115200,约5天时间。

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二、POS服务商的TODO LIST

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目前POS服务商类别多样,包括传统的去中心化LSD产品、CEX(中心化交易所) POS产品以及saas(Staking as a service)产品等,对应的产品整体设计差异较大,应对上海升级的准备也不尽相同,但基本都需要考虑以下几个方面。

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增加提款功能,满足用户提款刚需

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POS服务商首先需要解决客户的提款需求,开发对应的产品功能,提款的主要流程如下:

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1)提供产品入口,接收用户的提款要求

2)设置提现地址,为提款做准备

3)根据用户的提款请求数量,确认需要退出多少validator节点

4)发起退出validator的请求

5)对提款地址收到的提款进行分配

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释放资金风险

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Beacon链质押最早始于2020.12月份,最早一批资金的质押周期已经超过了两年。由于以太坊未开启提款功能,用户无法取回质押的资产,无法更换质押资产的validator地址,提款凭证泄漏风险随时间加剧;同时,因为无法提款,即便当前的凭证已经泄漏,也无法感知。因此,链上质押资产面临较大的风险敞口,需要提前进行风险消除。

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1)链上质押资产审计

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服务商需要对链上质押资产的数量进行核对,确认与用户质押的本金+收益保持一致;确认自己掌控的凭证与链上资产一一对应;确认已设置提款地址并且提款地址的私钥由自己掌控,如果没有设置提款地址,需要上海升级后第一时间设置安全的提款地址。

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2)数据安全性核查

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提款凭证的安全性核查;提款地址的私钥安全性核查。

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3)风险防范

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由于资产质押时间较长,相应的凭证可能面临泄漏风险。因此,建议在上海升级生效的同时,对已搭建的validator轮流做一次重建:退出当前validator,提款,更换凭证,重新投出。

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提升产品吸引力

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1)优化产品体验

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在满足用户提款需求的同时,优化产品细节,包括并不限于:增加备付金逻辑,提供丝滑提款体验,缩短排队周期;提供预约提款功能,缩短排队周期

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2)提升APY

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上海升级之后,链上质押奖励可以被取出来,取出之后就可以做(自动)复投,整体收益会有显著提升,预计apy提升10%以上。

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3)提升LSD产品的代币流动性

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上海升级之前,由于无法提现,所以各类LSD产品的ETH等价代币(比如stEth)相对于ETH有一定的滑点。在上海升级之后,相应的滑点会被迅速抹平,ETH的等价代币的价值将会得到市场更广泛的认可,服务商可以在cefi和defi产品里加入更多ETH等价代币的使用场景,提升流动性,增加用户的收益。

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三、Huobi pos已经做好准备,迎接上海升级

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Huobi pos作为Eth2.0的主要参与者之一,对即将来临的上海升级已经做好了准备。

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核心功能目前已ready,等待新一轮的测试网验证

目前huobi pos已经完成了提款的全流程产品功能开发,包括用户预约赎回、赎回明细查询、链上退出validator、链上收益自动复投、提供提款备付金等,已在zhejiang测试链做了功能测试,我们后续将跟随以太坊的测试链和主网升级进行回归测试,确保上海升级之后第一时间为用户提供提款功能。

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消除风险敞口,保障用户资产安全

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Huobi成立9年来,一直将保障用户资产安全作为最重要的使命。针对Eth2.0的资产可能面临的风险,我们提前做了相关风险排查:

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1)审计了用户资产与链上资产的一致性

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通过验证凭证与链上资产的关联性,确认了用户权益与链上锁定资产的一致性。

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2)确认了提款凭证的安全性

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提款凭证采用签名机的形式加密保管,杜绝了人为保管引入的风险。

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3)消除资产的潜在风险

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通过以上操作,我们已经确保了资产的安全性,为防患于未然,我们会在上海升级生效之后对所有的validator做一轮重建,目前相关逻辑已开发完毕。

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进一步提升链上资产透明度

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相较于去中心化的Eth2.0产品,Huobi pos具备中心化交易所的安全保障,同时也致力于提升资产透明度。目前huobi pos的Eth2.0资产质押地址为:1)https://beaconscan.com/main/eth1deposits?eth1=0x194BD70B59491ce1310ea0BCeAbdb6c23aC9D5b2 和2)https://beaconscan.com/main/eth1deposits?eth1=0xB73f4d4E99F65Ec4B16B684e44f81Aeca5ba2B7C ,共质押超过10万个ETH,用户可以实时查看相关资产信息。针对此次上海升级,我们向用户提供了实时展示当前的链上质押、排队、撤回的详细信息等功能,进一步提升资产的透明度。

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