链上数据解读:比特币新高在即,我们处于周期的什么位置?

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-03-05Last updated on 2024-03-05

Abstract

比特币先行,山寨币 Summer 稍后,不过需注意风险——上轮牛市出现过 6 次超 30% 的回调。

原文标题:《Bitcoin Onchain Data Update》

原文作者:MICHAEL NADEAU,The DeFi Report

原文编译:Frank,Foresight News

比特币在 2 月上涨了 45% ,自现货比特币 ETF 推出以来,我们已经看到超过 67 亿美元的净资金流入新的 ETF 产品,目前的比特币价格也比历史高点相距不到 10% ,但却感觉市场出奇地安静。

我的直觉是,增量散户投资者还没有进场。为什么?因为到目前为止,我还没有在日常生活中与任何人就加密货币进行过随机对话,包括滴滴 / 出租车司机、理发师、大学生、房产销售、邻居、朋友 / 家人。

大家基本上都没什么反应,这使我意识到我们仍处于新一轮周期的早期阶段——也即加密货币原生用户占市场参与者的大多数,并初步意识到我们已经进入了牛市。

但是,当我们来审视链上数据时,就没有必要依赖直觉和直观感受。说实话,有时候借助链上数据,会感觉自己好像掌握了内幕信息,当然我还是会提醒自己公链是透明的......碰巧的是,在加密货币和链上数据方面,我们依旧处于早期阶段,市场还不太清楚该寻找什么信号。

但这种情况肯定不会一直持续下去,所以让我们在它还存在的时候好好享受吧。因此在这篇报告中,我们将在链上使用纯粹的链上信号快速了解我们在当前周期中所处的位置,其中包括:市场指标、长期 Holder 行为、矿工行为、交易所余额和杠杆数据等等。

总市值与已实现市值之比

首先是总市值与已实现市值的比率(MVRV)——顾名思义,MVRV 比率衡量的是已实现市值(代表所有流通比特币的基础成本)与当前总市场价值的关系,这是市场最喜欢的顶部和底部信号之一。

Foresight News 注,已实现市值是通过每枚比特币按其最近一次移动时的价格来进行计算,它考虑了所有链上交易的最后价格,可视为比特币价值的更「真实」的长期衡量指标,能更准确地反映比特币的市值。

链上数据解读:比特币新高在即,我们处于周期的什么位置?

当下是什么情况?MVRV 刚刚达到 2 ,这与过去几个牛熊周期的早期阶段一致,表明牛市周期刚刚开始,此前在 2021 年,我们曾在牛市巅峰达到 7.6 的最高值。

其中当上图中的橙色线接近红色水平区域时,才意味着市场触及预期中的价格高点,而现在还远远没有达到那个程度。

普通散户投资者需要熟记的是,通过投资加密货币赚钱的唯一方法,就是在每个人都想退出时购买优质加密货币。而在上图中,这些都是橙色线触及绿色水平区域的时期。

因此在上一次熊市中,每个人都有 6 个月的时间来积累自己的筹码,且那些真的这样做的人已经在比特币上获得了 2-4 倍的涨幅。

比特币主导地位

链上数据解读:比特币新高在即,我们处于周期的什么位置?

从历史上看,比特币往往是率先走出加密市场的熊市周期低谷,并进入下一个牛市。而在牛市周期的刚开始阶段,比特币的主导地位会逐渐减弱,因为财富效应开始发挥作用,长期持有者会转向其他加密货币以获得更多收益。

那我们今天看到了什么?比特币的主导地位正在上升,再次带领市场走出熊市,目前占加密货币总市值 51% 的市场份额。这也再次印证了市场处于牛市早期阶段,作为参考,在上一个周期中,比特币在「山寨币 Summer」开始之前达到了 70% 的主导地位。市场肯定不会完全复刻该数据,但预计随着比特币接近历史高点,其主导地位将继续得到增强。

长期 Holder 持有量

目前长期 Holder 持有量为 14, 658, 031 枚比特币,约占流通供应量的 74.6% 。需要明确的是,Glassnode 将长期 Holder 定义为链上地址中超过 155 天未移动的比特币。

这是比特币的「聪明钱」(smart money),譬如那些在周期低点买入并具有长期 Hold 信念的人。我们可以在图表中看到,随着每个周期的升温,这一群体往往会倾向于减少他们的持仓,正如上图所示,橙色线开始下降。

链上数据解读:比特币新高在即,我们处于周期的什么位置?

长期 Holder 净持仓变化

从长期 Holder 的净持仓变化来看,我们看到了自 2022 年 12 月市场触底以来长期 Holder 的第一波抛售,再次强调,这符合牛市早期阶段的规律。

让我们换个角度,看看矿工们在做什么。

链上数据解读:比特币新高在即,我们处于周期的什么位置?

矿工净持仓变化

矿工们在做什么?

他们一直在最近的上涨行情中抛售 BTC。事实上,自去年 11 月初以来,矿工平均每天抛售 4802 枚比特币。

考虑到整个比特币网络每天只能挖出 900 枚比特币,超 4800 枚已经算是相当大的抛售力度。

为什么会有这么多卖压呢?我们认为,矿企正在减半之前增强公司的资金储备——毕竟减半也意味着矿企们的收入减半,所以提早抛售以做好财务准备,无疑是明智之举。

只不过更令人吃惊的是,即便在这样持续的抛压下,比特币价格依然强势上涨。

背后的原因自然离不开现货比特币 ETF 这样具备流动性的新金融产品……

链上数据解读:比特币新高在即,我们处于周期的什么位置?

现货比特币 ETF 净流入量

总的来说,现货比特币 ETF 已经吸引了超过 67 亿美元的资金流入,所有 ETF 基金目前拥有 753, 145 枚比特币,占流通供应量的 3.8% 。链上数据解读:比特币新高在即,我们处于周期的什么位置?


交易所余额

比特币似乎正变得越来越「缺乏流动性」,因为交易所内的可用数量目前仅占流通供应量的 11.7% ,这是自 2017 年底以来的最低水平。

链上数据解读:比特币新高在即,我们处于周期的什么位置?

永续合约资金费率

各家交易所的比特币永续合约资金费率也开始升温,但肯定远不及此前牛市周期的峰值水平。

链上数据解读:比特币新高在即,我们处于周期的什么位置?

未平仓合约

各家交易所的比特币未平仓合约也开始接近此前牛市周期的峰值水平——这是短期内值得关注的重要数据。链上数据解读:比特币新高在即,我们处于周期的什么位置?


库存流量比(Stock to Flow, S 2 F)

库存流量比(Stock to Flow, S 2)是一项经典模型,按照它的数据拟合,在 2 个月后,比特币将成为地球上最稀缺的资产——其库存流量比超过 120 。

链上数据解读:比特币新高在即,我们处于周期的什么位置?

正如我们在图表中所看到的,自比特币诞生以来,其循环周期一直非常稳定——这里用对数图表进行可视化,并且颜色表示距离下一个减半日期的天数。

总结

比特币已进入牛市,但我们正处于早期阶段。增量的散户投资者还没有大规模入场,且这一次,在他们 FOMO 之前,机构大量买入比特币。

那么我们如何判定散户投资者大规模入场?以下迹象或许是将来值得关注的细节:

  • 媒体对比特币和加密货币的报道屡屡见诸报端;

  • Coinbase 应用程序在应用商店中排名第一(或接近第一),目前它的排名是 186 位;

  • 对比特币和加密货币的谷歌搜索量呈指数级增长;

  • 推销垃圾代币的 YouTuber 的订阅者数量激增;

  • 名人和政治家将支持比特币和加密货币;

  • 你对加密货币一无所知的朋友正在吹嘘他赚了多少钱;

  • 你的表弟告诉你,他买了「日本的比特币」;

  • 滴滴司机、村头大妈和理发师 Tony 不停在讨论 Cardano 生态的赚钱项目;

  • 几个月前了解加密货币的 Web2 创始人正在为新的加密货币项目筹集资金。

所幸,我们还没有到那一步。

请记住,比特币引领行情,而山寨币 Summer 稍后才会到来,并且预计会有大回调——上一个牛市周期中出现过 6 次幅度超过 30% 的回调行情。

祝我们好运。

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