详解 16 只以太坊 ETF 及其费用、促销和持股情况

深潮Опубликовано 2024-09-09Обновлено 2024-09-09

2024 年 7 月首个现货以太坊 ETF 获批上市,但短期市场反应平淡,且无法获得质押奖励。

撰文:Sam Taube

翻译:白话区块链

大约六个月前,美国证券交易委员会(SEC)批准了首个现货比特币 ETF。2024 年 7 月 23 日,SEC 又批准了首个现货以太坊 ETF 开始交易。

1、什么是现货以太坊 ETF?

现货以太坊 ETF 是一种交易平台交易基金,用于直接投资以太坊——是市值仅次于比特币的全球第二大加密货币。

以太坊具有许多区别于比特币的特性。它的区块链不仅仅承载以太币,还托管了去中心化应用程序和基于以太坊协议运行的非同质化 Token(NFT)。此外,以太坊现在采用的是权益证明(Proof of Stake)系统来生成新币,这是一种比比特币挖矿所使用的工作量证明(Proof of Work)更节能的机制。(以太坊在 2022 年之前也曾使用工作量证明系统,之后才切换到权益证明。)

在现货 ETF 获批之前,市场上已经有了以太坊策略 ETF,它们通过期货合约间接跟踪以太币的价格。然而,这类 ETF 可能无法像现货以太坊 ETF 那样精确地追踪加密货币的价格,且可能收取更高的费用。2024 年 7 月批准的现货以太坊 ETF 是此类产品中的首创。

2、现货以太坊 ETF

截至目前,已有八只不同的现货以太坊 ETF 开始交易。以下是每只 ETF 的名称及其交易代码、费用情况以及任何促销费用减免的详细信息。

3、第九名 以太坊基金

从技术上讲,目前市场上有九只跟踪以太坊现货价格的投资基金,但第九只不是传统的 ETF。Grayscale Ethereum Trust (ETHE),不要与其 Mini Trust ETF 混淆,这是一种交易平台交易产品 (ETP),其市场价格可能与其净资产价值出现偏差,可能会给投资者带来其以太币持有量的溢价或折价。

ETHE 是全球最大的以太坊现货基金,占本文撰写时以太坊总市值的 2% 以上。其费用率为 2.50%,目前没有费用减免促销活动。它还于 7 月 23 日获准在交易平台交易。

4、以太坊 ETF 价格战

在 2024 年 7 月以太坊 ETF 获批前的几天,发行公司纷纷展开费用大战。许多公司递交了多次修改后的注册声明,降低费用,试图削弱竞争对手。而有些公司则紧随其后,几天内提交了自己的修订版本,费用降得更低。

还有一些公司在最后关头推出了促销,比如宣布头六个月的费用全免,以此表明自己是市场上最便宜的以太坊 ETF。这种快速降费和促销的趋势一直持续到美国证券交易委员会宣布批准前几天,未来可能还会继续。

鉴于此,您看到的有关以太坊 ETF 费用和促销的任何信息都值得仔细核对。网上的任何数字在您阅读时都有可能已经过时。

5、以太坊策略 ETF

我们将以太坊策略 ETF 定义为任何将至少 50% 的资产投资于以太币期货的 ETF。目前市场上有七只此类基金,它们的费用从低到高依次列在下面。

6、ETF 的批准对以太坊意味着什么?

截至撰稿时,以太币的价格今年已经上涨了超过 40%。最近的 ETF 批准是否会进一步推动这一涨势?这还有待观察。

以太坊 ETF 为 401(k) 和 IRA 投资者提供了一种新的加密货币投资方式。美国人总共持有近 40 万亿美元的退休账户资金,而许多这些退休账户并不允许直接交易加密货币。(注:401(k) 和 IRA 是美国常见的退休储蓄账户。它们通常不允许直接购买加密货币,而以太坊 ETF 为这些账户的投资者提供了一种间接投资加密货币的方式。)

然而,市场对以太坊 ETF 批准的短期反应到目前为止较为平淡。7 月 23 日——ETF 首个交易日——从美国东部时间上午 9:30 到下午 4:00,以太币价格实际上略有下跌。

7、以太坊 ETF vs. 以太坊本身

现货以太坊 ETF 相比其他投资以太坊的方式可能有一些优势。如前所述,对于无法直接购买以太坊的投资者(例如退休账户投资者),现货以太坊 ETF 可能提供了一种比以往的以太坊策略 ETF 更便宜且更可靠的投资方式。

然而,值得注意的是,与直接持有加密货币相比,以太坊 ETF 也存在一些劣势。目前的以太坊 ETF 投资者不会获得质押奖励(即持有以太币者的一种类似利息或股息的奖励)。

如果您想要获得这一以太坊的功能,您需要直接投资于加密货币本身。

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