观点:DCG币安矿企 市场三大 FUD 其实“名不副实”

吴说区块链Publicado em 2023-01-12Última atualização em 2023-01-12

Resumo

目前市场上有三大 FUD 源头:1. 矿工;2. DCG;3. 币安。不过我感觉市场对于这三个事件都有点渲染过度了,实际情况并非如想象的那样悲观。

目前市场上有三大 FUD 源头:1. 矿工;2. DCG;3. 币安。不过我感觉市场对于这三个事件都有点渲染过度了,实际情况并非如想象的那样悲观。

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DCG

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随着 Gemini 和 DCG 的纠纷愈演愈烈,DCG 似乎再度陷入风雨飘摇之中,市场也开始担心灰度产被清算的问题,但这种担忧其实是有点杞人忧天了。

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要知道灰度本身运营的是信托产品。信托在英美法律体系下,是一种极其特殊的存在,其所有权与委托人和管理人都是高度隔离的。即使委托人破产,其委托的信托资产也是不受影响的,同样信托产品的管理人如果出了问题,也仅需更换管理人,不会令信托产品本身的存续收到影响。何况现在出问题的还不是灰度,而是灰度的母公司 DCG,那对灰度管理的信托产品影响就更小了。

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感觉 Gemini 和 DCG 的纠纷本身还是一个法律问题,即到底 DCG 对于 Genesis 负有怎样的义务?由于不清楚 DCG 与 Genesis 借贷约定的法律细节,现在下结论 Genesis 危机最终一定会引发 DCG 的破产清算还为时过早。(DCG 最新公告中强调与 Genesis 是几乎完全隔离的)毕竟 DCG 手中还握有像灰度这样的优质资产,即是以现在的币价计算,灰度的收入一年也在 2 亿美元以上。长期来看,DCG 偿还 Genesis 的债务是不成问题的。Gemini 应该也清楚,Genesis 的债务问题其实可以通过对债务进行重组展期来解决,之所以现在逼着让 DCG 立即偿债,我猜测其最终目的可能是希望得到 DCG 的股权,甚至是控制权。当然,DCG 并不想让 Gemini 如愿,双方的纠纷可能需要通过诉讼来解决。但这个纠纷的本质还是生意,各方应该不至于搞到鱼死网破、清算唯一值钱的金鸡母灰度的程度。

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币安

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市场上流传美国司法部盯上币安的新闻已经很久了。从最近流出的信息来看,美国司法部确实一直在调查币安的 money laundering 问题,但对于是否提起刑事诉讼,司法部内部仍有分歧,间接说明目前收集到的证据可能尚不足以定罪。在这种情况下,即使美国司法部提起诉讼,最终结果很可能类似当初的 Bitfinex 和 BitMEX 案,通过辩诉交易达成庭外和解来解决。对币安指控的性质决定了,这不会是一个 FTX 式结局的案件,因为目前的指控并不直接指向币安的那些核心业务,如 BNB、BUSD。未来一旦币安被诉,一开始一定会引起市场的极度恐慌,但当市场意识到币安不会面临 FTX 那样的覆灭结局,反而可能会形成靴子落地、利空出尽的效果。

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矿工

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首先来看可能的矿工投降问题。VanEck 的分析师最近预测即将到来的矿工破产潮会把币价砸到 $10000-12000 区间,但我对此表示保留意见。矿工的抛售潮早已处于进行时,而且可能已经接近尾声了。

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对于这个问题,首先要明确到底是谁在抛。从已上市矿企公开披露的信息来看,十家上市矿企中对 BTC 的抛压主要来自四家公司:Core Scientific、Bitfarms、CleanSpark、Argo,其中 Core Scientific 一家就占了抛售量的一半。为什么是这几家公司在抛呢,答案是这几家公司的债务结构不健康。我去年夏天那会儿曾经研究过所有矿企截止 Q1 得财务报表,当时按照我非常原始的分析方法,上述四家矿企加上 Stronghold 构成了最危险的那一档,这些企业存在的共同问题是:1、总负债额高;2、借款利息高;3、短期债务比例高。目前看来这些企业也都是年末被爆出撑不下去的矿企。事后看来,这些企业确实也陷入了破产危机,并伴随过去半年的去杠杆过程抛售了手中绝大部分的 BTC。

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目前矿企中剩余的 BTC 储备主要集中在 Marathon、Hut8、Riot、Hive 四家公司,其中又以 Marathon、Hut8 的储备最多,Marathon 和 Hut8 在 2022 年都几乎没有卖币。去年夏天分析时,我也发现这些公司的杠杆相对比较低,风险可控,现在看来确实如此。感觉即使币价低迷下去,应该也不至于引发这些钻石手矿企的大规模抛售了。

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总的来说,现在的情况是,杠杆高容易投降的矿企,现在币都已经抛得七七八八了;剩下那些企业,想逼他们把手里的币都抛出也没那么容易。随着这半年的去杠杆过程,矿企的抛压最高峰可能已经过去了。

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