观点:美联储对“反向财富效应”的追求正在破坏加密行业

Cointelegraph中文Publicado em 2022-12-20Última atualização em 2022-12-20

Resumo

美联储加息的策略可能会继续,使加密行业很难反弹。为了让加密资产成为对冲通胀的工具,该行业需要探索将加密行业与传统市场脱钩的方法。去中心化金融(DeFi)或许可以通过摆脱传统金融模式提供一条出路。

美联储加息的策略可能会继续,使加密行业很难反弹。为了让加密资产成为对冲通胀的工具,该行业需要探索将加密行业与传统市场脱钩的方法。去中心化金融(DeFi)或许可以通过摆脱传统金融模式提供一条出路。

美联储的政策如何影响加密行业

20世纪80年代,美国联邦储备委员会主席Paul Volcker为控制通货膨胀,引入了加息政策。沃Volcker将利率提高到20%以上,通过降低人们的购买力迫使经济陷入衰退。这一策略奏效了,消费者物价指数(CPI)从14.85%下降到2.5%。即使是现在,美联储仍在使用同样的方法来降低高通胀率。

2022年,美国核心通货膨胀率达到40年来的最高水平,这使得美联储全年都在不断加息。这对加密市场产生了负面影响。Bloomberg Intelligence的高级商品策略师Mike McGlone解释说,美联储的“大锤”今年一直“在给加密领域施加压力”。McGlone认为,美联储的政策可能会导致一场比2008年金融危机更糟糕的崩溃。

市场数据显示了一个明确的模式,即美联储的加息与加密货币价格的大幅下跌相对应。例如,在美联储5月3日和4日召开会议加息0.5%后,比特币价格在5月6日下跌。同样,在美联储6月14日和15日会议加息0.75%后,比特币跌至17500美元。

6月份的加息是导致比特币和以太坊等加密货币从历史高点下跌70%的一个重要因素。正如价格图表所示,美联储的政策与加密市场的波动直接相关。这种不确定性阻碍了加密行业的最终复苏。由于加密货币是一种高风险资产类别,由于利率上升和对经济衰退的担忧,投资者正在减少对加密货币的敞口。

美联储在11月再次加息0.75%。美联储表示,它正试图将“长期通胀率控制在2%”。美联储委员会将继续上调联邦基金利率至3-4%。它“预计在目标范围内的持续上调将是适当的,以实现有足够限制性的货币政策立场,使通胀率随着时间的推移恢复到2%。”

由于通货膨胀率居高不下,没有理由相信美联储会在短期内停止加息。不幸的是,这对加密货币等风险资产来说不是好消息。

美联储政策的未来轨迹

美联储将很有可能根据市场数据反馈继续加息。美国银行写道:“美联储将强调数据的依赖性……在(12月)会议之前,他们将再得到非农就业数据和CPI数据;如果它们保持高位,美联储可能会再加息75个基点,如果没有的话,则可能会减缓至加息50个基点。”策略师们补充说,“直到数据显示可以结束加息了,美联储才会这样做。”

巴克莱银行的信贷研究团队呼应了这一观点,称"美联储需要看到通胀转向…然后才会转向有意义的鸽派立场。"因此,即使美联储降低了加息比例,他们也很有可能会继续加息。根据通胀数据,美联储可能会从12月开始放缓其收紧流动性的措施,但不会立即停止其缓解通胀的策略。因此,投资者需要为加密市场的长期波动做好准备。

美联储打算创造一种反向财富效应,让投资者重新评估他们的加密货币投资组合。他们希望通过减缓需求来制造不稳定的市场形势,但同时也注意避免任何混乱。尽管美国GDP连续两个季度出现萎缩,但美联储急于评估并实施痛苦的政策。因此,加密行业需要找到其他方法来应对美联储的挑战。

目前的市场情况表明,加密资产价格与股票和证券市场交织在一起。投资者仍然认为它们是高风险资产,在高通胀时期对投资持怀疑态度。因此,加密行业必须与其他传统风险资产类别保持距离。幸运的是,美国央行的一份报告表明,人们对加密货币的风险认知正在逐渐改变。

根据纽约联邦储备银行的一份报告,加密货币不再是美国经济的十大潜在风险之一。这揭示了投资者心态的重要变化,表明加密货币最终将成为一种无风险资产类别。但是,如果加密行业继续遵循传统的金融模式,这就不会发生。为了遏制通货膨胀并抵消美联储的政策,加密行业必须拥抱去中心化的金融,以实现一个强劲的未来经济。

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