除了聊天，ChatGPT 有哪些潜在的商业模式？

01区块链Publicado em 2022-12-14Última atualização em 2022-12-14

Resumo

ChatGPT 给企业应用带来的好处包括了快速的响应时间、内容生成、研究和内容策划，以及提高客户参与度。

近期，聊天机器人 ChatGPT 非常火热，由于其优异的表现，吸引了许多人的眼球。虽然 ChatGPT 在可靠性、准确性上还有待改进的空间，但当下已经是令人印象深刻了。然而，人工智能项目目前而言大多数仍然处于烧钱的阶段，想要训练 ChatGPT，势必要花费大量的金钱以及资源来实现。一个项目 / 产品想要持续发展，势必需要找到变现的方法以及商业模式。那么 ChatGPT 究竟有哪些商业模式呢？

ChatGPT 简介

ChatGPT 是 OpenAI 开发的一款专门从事对话的人工智能聊天机器人原型。聊天机器人是一种大型语言模型，采用监督学习和强化学习技术。ChatGPT 于 2022 年 11 月推出，尽管其回答事实的准确性受到批评，但因其详细和清晰的回复而受到关注。ChatGPT 使用监督学习和强化学习在 GPT-3.5 之上进行了微调和升级。ChatGPT 的相关模型是 OpenAI 与微软合作在其 Azure 超级计算基础设施上进行训练的。ChatGPT 的训练数据包括手册页、互联网现象和编程语言的知识，例如公告板系统和 Python 编程语言。

ChatGPT 获得了普遍正面的评价。《The Guardian》的 Samantha Lock 指出，ChatGPT 能够生成令人印象深刻和类似人类的文本。然而新的科技是一把双刃剑，带来好处的同时也会带来许多弊端。技术文章作家 Dan Gillmor 在一项学生作业中使用了 ChatGPT，发现其生成的文本与优秀学生交付的内容相当，并认为未来社会有一些非常严重的问题需要面对，例如学生利用 ChatGPT 来生成作业，或是利用 ChatGPT 来写文章等等。在一篇评论文章中，经济学家 Paul Krugman 写道，ChatGPT 未来将影响知识工作者的需求，很可能对此工作领域产生深远的影响。2022 年 12 月，问答网站 Stack Overflow 禁止使用 ChatGPT 来生成问题的答案，理由是 ChatGPT 的回答在事实上模棱两可。Bleeping Computer（国外科技报章）的 Axe Sharma 指出， ChatGPT 能够编写恶意软件和网络钓鱼电子邮件。

ChatGPT 在企业层面带来的好处

ChatGPT 给企业应用带来的好处包括了快速的响应时间、内容生成、研究和内容策划，以及提高客户参与度。

快速响应时间。ChatGPT 能够快速准确地响应客户查询，为人工客服腾出时间专注于更复杂或独特的任务。

内容生成。ChatGPT 能够根据特定输入和用户兴趣生成引人入胜的相关内容，从而增加参与的可能性并推动企业网站或社交媒体渠道的流量。

研究和内容策划。研究和分析各种来源的内容，ChatGPT 可以帮助企业制定一致且有价值的内容营销策略。

提高客户参与度。ChatGPT 能够协助企业在社交媒体上与客户互动，或在网站的博客、论坛上提供对话提示的能力，从而提高企业的在线形象和客户参与度。

内容营销

企业可以使用 ChatGPT 进行内容营销，利用 ChatGPT 流畅的自然语言处理生成引人入胜的相关内容。ChatGPT 可以帮助企业创建根据受众的特定兴趣和需求量身定制的内容，从而更有可能吸引他们的注意力并提高参与度。

相比于目前的人力，ChatGPT 有着成本上的优势。在国外，可能聘请一个广告团队需要五位数美元以上的价格，甚至可能更高。然而利用 ChatGPT，可以有效帮助企业降低在内容营销上的开销以及成本。随着 ChatGPT 模型的成熟度越来越高，其可以生成效果比人工更好的广告 / 营销内容。

ChatGPT 用于内容营销的一个潜在缺陷是它依赖于人工智能和自然语言处理技术，这有时会导致生成的内容不是目标受众感兴趣的。企业必须仔细审查和编辑 ChatGPT 生成的内容，以确保其符合他们的品牌定位和信息。此外，ChatGPT 可能无法处理复杂或独特的内容请求，需要人工干预才能生成高质量的内容。最后，ChatGPT 可能无法完全复制人类内容创建者的创造力和情商，这对某些企业来说可能是一个劣势。

未来内容营销人员的角色可能会侧重于利用人工智能和自然语言处理技术为目标受众生成引人入胜的相关内容。内容营销人员需要了解并利用这些技术来创建适合其受众特定兴趣和需求的内容。随着人工智能技术的不断发展，内容营销人员的角色可能会继续转向利用这些技术来提高内容创建、分发的效率和有效性。

AI 辅助的内容营销和文案写作是一种强大的工具，可让企业根据特定的输入和用户兴趣快速准确地生成内容。这有助于企业创建适合其目标受众的内容，增加参与的可能性并增加其网站或社交媒体渠道的流量。人工智能辅助文案还可以提高内容创作的效率和效果，让企业能够在更短的时间内制作出高质量的内容。总的来说，人工智能辅助的内容营销和文案写作对于希望提高在线形象和客户参与度的企业来说是一个有价值的工具。

文章写作

文章写作或许是 ChatGPT 将会得到广泛商业应用的一个领域。然而，此商业领域的应用或许会带来一些弊端。如今我们已经能够看到了一些问题。例如帮助学生写作业，帮助人们创作，对于文章写作或者是知识产权生产者不公平。

如今，许多作家和教师已经开始担心人工智能撰写论文的能力。《纽约时报》的 Paul Krugman 目前已经正在使用 ChatGPT 帮助他撰写专栏。还有其他几位作家也在近期开始利用 ChatGPT 来帮助写作。

绘画领域

AI generated content （AIGC，人工智能自动生成内容）被认为是继专业生产内容（PGC）、用户生产内容（UGC）之后的新型内容创作方式。ChatGPT 也属于 AIGC 赛道领域。而早在 ChatGPT 推出之前，AIGC 在市场有了关注与部分应用。而参考 AIGC 的商业应用也有助于理解未来 ChatGPT 的部分商业模式。AIGC 实际上在绘画领域已经开始有着一些应用。

背靠微软的 OpenAI 提出了强大的预训练语言模型：GPT 系列，这一系列的模型可以在非常复杂的 NLP 任务中完成诸如生成文字、生成代码、回答问题等。在推出 GPT 系列之后，OpenAI 进行了多次商业上的探索，比较好的案例是文字生成图片的模型 DALLE 和 DALLE2，可以将它们理解为是 GPT-3 的图像版本。尤其是 2022 年推出的新版 DALLE2，其使用的扩散模型将图片的生成提升到了一个新的高度，对文字的理解更加精确、绘画水平更高、渲染更快，已经可以生成完整的人像和图片，AI 绘画的能力开始被更多人关注。

2022 年 8 月，借鉴 DALLE2 的思路，StabilityAI 的 Stable Diffusion 模型横空出世，该模型是最新的扩散模型，能够在消费级显卡上实现 DALLE2 级别的图像生成，生成效率却提高了 30 倍。目前在该模型下，AI 生成的图片已经具有极高的艺术性，甚至可以与专业画师媲美。此外，与 DALLE2 不同的是，Stable Diffusion 完全免费开源，所有代码均在 GitHub 上公开，任何人都可以拷贝使用，这为 AI 绘画带来新的生机。

目前，Stable Diffusion 的各渠道累计日活用户超千万，已经吸引超过 20 万开发者。其背后的公司 Stability AI 作为初创公司，于 2022 年 10 月宣布获得了 1.01 亿美元超额融资，估值已达 10 亿美元，成为新晋独角兽。而在这波 AIGC 的浪潮里，开头提到的领头企业 OpenAI，如今估值更是已经超过了 200 亿美元。

而如今随着强大的 ChatGPT 被推出，未来或许会被应用在 AI 绘画领域。

AIGC 的商业竞争白热化

在红杉资本一篇名为《Generative AI: A Creative New World》（生成式 AI：一个充满创造力的新世界）的文章中表示，生成式 AI（AIGC），让机器开始大规模涉足知识类和创造性工作，这涉及数十亿人的工作，未来预计能够产生数万亿美元的经济价值。

2022 年 9 月底，Meta 发布了一个新的人工智能系统 Make-A-Video，可以基于文本提示生成短视频。紧接着，Google 也发布两款文本转视频工具，分别是强调视频品质的 Imagen Video，以及主打视频长度的 Phenaki。国内大厂中，百度、阿里、商汤、美图等企业都有 AIGC 的相关布局，百度创始人兼首席执行官李彦宏在出席 2022 联想创新科技大会时表示，过去一年无论是在技术层面还是商业应用层面，人工智能都有了巨大的进展，有些甚至是方向性的改变。

从应用角度来看，如今的 AIGC 作为工具来说无疑已经是成熟的。以文字生成为例，西湖心辰的 Firday 平台可以生成短视频脚本、口播、营销文本、甚至雅思作文等，基本与国际上普遍的文字生成功能大同小异。

Jasper（海外初创公司）提供生成 Instagram 标题，编写 TikTok 视频脚本、广告营销文本等内容，截至 2021 年 12 月，已拥有超过 70000 位客户，包括 Airbnb、IBM 等知名企业，并创造了 4000 万美元的收入。在最新一轮的 A 轮融资里（2022 年 10 月 18 日），Jasper 获得了 1.25 亿美元资金，目前估值已达 15 亿美元。

近期，OpenAI 已经与全球最大的版权图片供应商之一的 Shutterstock 达成深度合作，Shutterstock 将 AI 绘画引入商业图库。

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