FTX破产文件十大重点

Odaily星球日报Publicado em 2022-11-19Última atualização em 2022-11-19

Resumo

SBF不再任职FTX,不能代表集团发声。

当地时间 11 月 17 日,FTX 新任首席执行官 John Ray III 向美国特拉华州破产法院提交了一份文件,披露了 FTX 集团相关资产以及运营情况,同时也揭露了此前内部管理混乱、财务状况紊乱等问题。

“在我的职业生涯中,我从未见过像这里一样的公司,内部管控彻底失败、完全缺乏值得信赖的财务信息……控制权集中在一小撮没有经验、不成熟和可能受到损害的个人手中,这种情况是前所未有的。”John Ray III 表示。

由于调查才刚刚开始,John Ray III 所领导的团队掌握信息有限。但其表示,根据目前获得的信息,相信 FTX 集团的许多员工有可能是被人利用。“包括一些高管在内的 FTX 集团的许多员工并不知道资金短缺。事实上,他们的个人投资和声誉也受到了影响。”

在文件最后,John Ray III 再次强调,SBF(FTX 创始人 )不再受 FTX 集团雇佣,也不能代表集团发声。“SBF 先生目前在巴哈马,继续发表着不稳定和误导性的公开声明。”

以下是破产文件全文重点内容总结。

一、在文件中,Ray 将 FTX 集团按不同业务分为四种业务组,分别为:WRS Silo、Alameda Silo、Ventures Silo、Doctom Silo,如下所示:

二、WRS Silo 由债务人 West Realm Shires Inc 及其债务人和非债务人子公司组成,包括 FTX US、LedgerX、FTX US Derivatives、FTX US Capital Markets 、FTX NFTs、Embed Financial Technologies Inc以及其他业务子公司。上述公司全部都是由 West Realm Shires Inc 公司 100% 控股,并且全都在特拉华州组建——除了信托公司 FTX Vault,该公司在南达科他州成立。

在 West Realm Shires Inc 中,SBF 占股 52.99%,Gray Wang 占股 16.93%,Nishad Singh 占股 7.83%,另外 22.25% 来自第三方投资。

根据 Ray 的了解,WRS Silo 所有公司都具有偿付能力。截至今年 9 月 30 日,WRS Silo 总资产为 13.6 亿美元,总负债为 3.16 亿美元。

三、Alameda Silo 由债务人 Alameda Research LLC 及其债务人子公司组成,是一个「加密对冲基金」,包括场外交易、量化、管理其他债务和股权投资。SBF 在 Alameda Research LLC 中占股 90%,Gray Wang 占股 10%。

数据显示,截至 9 月 30 日,Alameda Silo 总资产为 134.6 亿美元,总负债为 50.9 亿美元。比较有意思的是,Alameda Research LLC 的关联方应收贷款为 41 亿美元,其中借给 SBF 10 亿美元,借给 Nishad Singh 5.43 亿美元以及借给 Ryan Salame 5500 万美元,这些借款至今都没有还。

除了 Alameda Research LLC,Alameda Silo 的债务人主要分布在美国、韩国、日本、英属维尔京群岛、安提瓜岛、香港、新加坡、塞舌尔、开曼群岛、巴哈马、澳大利亚、巴拿马、土耳其和尼日利亚。

四、Ventures Silo 主要由债务人 Clifton Bay Investments LLC、Clifton Bay Investments Ltd.、FTX Ventures Ltd、Island Bay Ventures Inc.以及可能的关联公司持有。其中 SBF 直接持有 Clifton Bay Investments LLC约 67% 的股权,Gray Wang 占股 23%,Nishad Singh 占股 10%。

根据文件,截至 9 月 30 日,Clifton Bay Investments LLC 总资产为 15.2 亿美元,总负债为 15.19 亿美元;FTX Ventures Ltd 总资产为 4.93 亿美元,总负债为 4.92 亿美元。

五、Dotcom Silo 由债务人 FTX Trading Ltd 及其它债务人和非债务人子公司组成,包括以 “FTX.com”名义在全球各地(非美国地区)开展业务的交易所,这些交易所在一起被称为 "FTX 集团”。SBF 间接持有 FTX Trading Ltd 约 75 %的股权,另外 25% 的股权由 600 名第三方股权投资者拥有。

数据显示,截至 2022 年 9 月 30 日,Dotcom Silo 总资产为 22.5 亿美元,总负债为 4.65 亿美元。Dotcom Silo 中的债务人分散在世界各地的司法管辖区,母公司 FTX Trading Ltd 位于安提瓜。

六、FTX 集团没有保持对其现金的集中控制。现金管理程序上存在失误,缺乏准确的银行账户和账户签字人名单。由于历史上现金管理的失败,现在还不知道 FTX 集团所持有的现金的确切数额。新任 CEO 正在与 Alvarez & Marsal 公司合作,核实所有的现金状况。到目前为止,根据现有的账簿和记录,可以大致推算出截至申请日,FTX 总计持有 5.64 亿美元现金。并且债务人已与银行机构联系冻结提款,并提醒银行不要接受 SBF 或其他签字人的指示。

七、此前 FTX 没有专门的支出控制。FTX 集团的员工主要通过在线 "聊天“平台提交付款请求,并由不同的主管通过个性化的表情包(emoji)回复,以批准支付。Ray 表示,在巴哈马,FTX 集团的公司资金被用来为员工和顾问购买房屋和其他个人物品,并且一些房地产被记录在FTX员工和顾问的个人名义下。“债务人现在正在实施一个集中的付款审批程序,向我这个首席执行官报告。”

八、数字资产托管方面, FTX 集团没有对其数字资产进行适当的记录或安全控制。SBF 和 Gary Wang 控制了对 FTX 集团主要业务的数字资产访问权(受 CFTC 监管的 LedgerX 和某些其他受监管的子公司除外),其失当的管理行为包括:使用没有安全保障的集团电子邮件账户访问全球 FTX 集团公司的密钥和极其敏感的数据;在区块链上不进行每日对帐;使用软件掩盖滥用客户资金行为;秘密豁免 Alameda 不受 FTX.com 自动清算协议方面的约束;Alameda 和 Dotcom Silo(其中有第三方机构投资)之间缺乏独立管理。

目前,债务人已经在新的冷钱包中获得了约 7.4 亿美元的加密货币,但尚不确定具体每个 Silo 如何分配。另外,Ray 表示在请愿日发起时有 3.72 亿美元的资产未经授权进行转移;申请破产后,有未经授权的来源制造了大约 3 亿美元的 FTX 平台原生代币 FTT。

九、FTX 业务最普遍的失败之一是缺乏长久的决策记录。SBF 经常通过使用一些可以在短时间内自动删除的应用程序进行沟通,并鼓励员工也这样做。FTX 集团在加密货币之外还有数十亿美元的投资。然而,Alameda Silo 和 Ventures Silo 中的主要公司并没有完整保存这些投资活动的账簿和记录。债务人正在利用此前的现金交易记录,同时也在审查各种第三方来源以确定投资情况。

十、FTX 集团的许多公司,特别是那些在安提瓜和巴哈马成立的公司,没有适当的公司治理,许多实体从未召开过董事会会议。

FTX 集团在各地有很多受监管或被许可的子公司,这些子公司可能有、也可能没有持续经营价值。债权人正在聘请投资银行来协助债务人对这些业务进行估值,可能对外出售。

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