向NFT销售收30%苹果税,“图圈”与苹果的双向救赎?

PanewsPublicado em 2022-10-28Última atualização em 2022-10-28

Resumo

前几个月刚有一些交易平台推出自定义版税,因会导致艺术家零版税收入引发业内争议,但当iOS 16推送后他们都保持了沉默。

去中心化该不该给中心化渠道交税?

前几个月刚有一些交易平台推出自定义版税,因会导致艺术家零版税收入引发业内争议,但当iOS 16推送后他们都保持了沉默。

10月24日,苹果公司更新了其App Store政策,应用程序可以允许用户查看自己持有的NFT,但禁止用户使用NFT来解锁额外的“特性或功能”。应用程序不得包含按键、外部链接或其他引导用户在苹果应用商店之外进行购买的功能。这意味着,苹果允许Web3初创公司直接出售NFT,并可以使用Apple Pay直接支付。但苹果要对通过iOS应用内进行的NFT交易收取高达30%的佣金。

说到底,这是Web3新秀们与Web2巨头之间必然的摩擦。这是一场,谁更有话语权和实力的较量。NFT项目在苹果巨大的流量面前,抵抗的意愿和能力可能并不坚决。

而从另一方面而言,Apple软、硬件营收模式都将会发生革命性新变化,在欧盟压力下支持Type-C接口已是大势所趋,而面临营收增长乏力下探索更多订阅服务也是既定路线。

对于苹果而言,使用更多NFT、Crypto、元宇宙、AR技术已经无法避免,从Facebook、INS和Reddit的巨大示范和带动效应来看,苹果有希望成为下一个NFT燎原的主阵地。

苹果税:十分灵活的底线

苹果税其实是比较灵活的底线,2020年,苹果应用商店下架了Epic Games开发的爆款游戏《堡垒之夜》,双方最终对簿公堂,苹果主要指责的点是Epic应用内购的模式违背了苹果政策。

但是Epic宁死不屈,即使撤离iOS生态也坚持自我,这件事也是苹果被逼开放第三方支付的经典案例。

而更早之前的微信采取了暗度陈仓的方式,用赞赏码的方式规避了政策,可以发现,在同一个体系内,苹果经常采取不同的标准。

但问题是NFT去中心化的模式,谁又来出头挑战苹果呢?OpenSea目前仍旧没有任何实际意义上的举动。

图源:https://developer.apple.com/news/?id=xk8d7p8c

苹果此次针对NFT重拳出击,计划征收30%的费用,看似是给与了NFT在iOS生态内“合法生存“的地位,但其实更接近于一种无奈的事后追认。

在未出台相关政策之前,OpenSea等NFT交易平台早已存在多国App Store中,而更早之前,一众交易平台,如币安、FTX等交易所更是直接在iOS平台展开金融活动。

而在本次政策更新后,NFT在iOS生态内可以铸造、销售和展示,但是只能通过应用内购买的方式进行,准确而言,苹果依然把NFT视为一种类似游戏内道具的商品,而不是独属用户的链上凭证。

暂时不清楚这种内购将会通过何种方式来实行,据推断可能有两种方式:

使用法币购买加密货币,然后使用加密货币支付Gas Fee;

直接使用法币购买NFT,然后由苹果和应用分成用户利润;

如果是第一种,那么还算保持了一点区块链的尊严,如果是第二种,那么其实和区块链关系不大,更接近于国内数字藏品的操作方式(如果再加上限制转让和二次销售的话,那就是一模一样了)。

苹果的硬件低迷,做多软件内销售是长期策略,包括更多广告(米粉落泪),以及更多软件订阅服务,以支撑股价,这次支持NFT也可以从这个思路入手。

目前来看,苹果还是把NFT当成能贡献利润的来源,而非全心全意拥抱区块链技术和去中心化理念,并不想把利润分给应用,更别提回馈用户了。

在探索NFT的道路上,Meta已经走的很远了,虽然目前股价不太好看,但是元宇宙融合现实世界是大势所趋。

而苹果则分外不同,在硬件上苹果押宝AR设备而非VR头显,软件生态仍旧用对待传统游戏道具的方式对待NFT,仍然希望把用户和流量留存在自家生态内。

NFT未来:危中有机的选择

苹果的措施能否奏效,目前还只能难说对错。

目前的政策主要针对的是NFT交易平台、开发者和内嵌NFT类应用,如游戏等。

在行业可自定义版税的大背景下,NFT交易平台给苹果交税人设立不住,NFT交易平台可以说输赢皆有,赢在苹果承认NFT铸造、交易的合法性,输的是苹果不允许应用平台绕过苹果单独占据利润,平台不能采取其他支付和导流方式,包括按钮、外部链接或其他“诱导”举动。

但是无法在二级市场自由买卖的NFT很难说是去中心化的,此外,用户隐私数据也会存在泄露之忧。

如果苹果介入交易细节,用户交易的行为数据也会被苹果掌握,即使采取匿名登录登措施,但是用户标识符还是会存在,也难称可以保护隐私。

但是iOS明确支持NFT会明显促进开发者和普通用户的试水,从而将NFT推向更多主流人群。在之前的iOS平台,NFT被未被明确定义界限和政策,但实际上需要从版权、审查尺度、地区限制等多个角度给开发者一个明确指导方针。

换言之,苹果正式承认NFT开发者在iOS生态内的地位,这是一个可选的功能,而不局限于“小图片”圈子之内,开发者的火热已经是肉眼可见的强需求。

内嵌NFT类应用的玩法可得到更多扩展,最典型的是游戏内道具的NFT化,这对于苹果来说也是一个创收的新方向,而目前的传统游戏厂商还未广泛支持NFT的落地,何时能为苹果财报贡献利润还未可知。

至于普通用户,在iOS的管控下。会有更合规的用户体验去接触NFT这一区块链技术驱动的产品形式,破圈正在其时,虽然这种体验必然会带有相当程度的阉割性,但苹果支付的介入也相对降低了项目方直接跑路和钱包诈骗等安全问题。

至于NFT是否能从其中找到自己的机会,就看接下来如何拆招。虽然Solana上最大的NFT交易市场MagicEden曾表示,如果苹果宣布了这项规定,将从AppleStore中下线,但是目前尚未看到其动态。

NFT不应被巨头驯化为“下金蛋的鸡”

而本次事件仍在持续发酵,有一点应该成为行业共识:不走向彻底的去中心化,这样的事会一次次发生,最终立志颠覆Web 2的区块链技术,会反被巨头驯化成下金蛋的鸡。

真正给行业带来的启发应该是Web 3的革新不能只停留在公链、NFT机制上,对于更广阔的去中心化消费级终端也应该一视同仁,进行彻底革新。

EpicGames的CEO TimSweeney在苹果传出要对NFT收税时就驳斥到:“苹果正在扼杀他不能征税的NFT业务。而且正在扼杀的恰恰是与定价过高的内置支付税收有竞争的业务。苹果必须被阻止。”

或许,苹果会赢得现在,因为双方实力并不对等。苹果的举动会引发NFT的地震,但是NFT持续无法获取增量用户的大背景下,一部分交易平台或者游戏厂商低头是必然的选择。

但正如链游项目LimitBreak创始人GabrielLeydon在推特上所言,大家都在关注苹果收税,却没意识到,这可能是一个让10亿游戏玩家的游戏中内嵌一个ETH钱包的机会。

的确,在此背景下,Solona造手机也许是先见之明,ethOS也不再是玩具般的笑话,去中心化APP必须有去中心化的OS和硬件来保证完整的体验,无论最终走向如何,至少二者在软硬件方面做出了自己的探索。

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