警惕利用「以太坊合并」的3种骗局

蜂巢TechPublicado em 2022-09-15Última atualização em 2022-09-15

Resumo

距离以太坊合并还有不到6小时,这条被视作下一代互联网Web3.0底层基础设施的区块链网络将彻底改变共识机制,从工作量证明的PoW机制转向权益证明的PoS。

距离以太坊合并还有不到6小时,这条被视作下一代互联网Web3.0底层基础设施的区块链网络将彻底改变共识机制,从工作量证明的PoW机制转向权益证明的PoS。

在合并即将到来前,去中心化安全网络市场PolySwarm创始人Steve Bassi在接受媒体采访时提示,诈骗者可能会利用以太坊合并这一市场热点,针对新手加密用户发起新的骗局,这些骗局包括假ETH2.0代币置换、欺诈性的ETH质押矿池、假空投等形式。

以太坊官网也在最新的「安全性」页面中提示,合并并不产生任何「ETH2」或其他任何新代币,不要将ETH转存到任何指定地址以换取虚假的「ETH2」代币,「永远不要把你钱包的助记词和陌生人分享。」

别为高回报陷入欺诈性质押池

由于以太坊合并,以挖矿维持网络运行的PoW共识将被靠质押成为验证节点的PoS共识取代。按照以太坊规则,质押是向信标链存入 32 ETH 以激活验证器软件的行为。验证者将负责存储数据、处理交易以及向区块链添加新区块。验证者在保证以太坊网络安全运行的同时,可以赚取新的 ETH。

Steve Bassi认为,对于ETH的众多持有者来说,如果他们没有成为独立验证者所需的32个ETH,那么加入质押池将是他们从质押奖励中获得收益的唯一方式。但联合质押提供商「自带风险」,因为它通常要求用户存入ETH并放弃对该资产的控制。

Bassi表示,新的质押提供商「可能提供非常有吸引力的条款」,但可能会「突然rug pull(跑路)」,从而影响到池子里的参与者。「这种风险目前存在于DeFi平台的各种资产池或代币中,诈骗者很可能利用以太坊合并寻找一个新的角色。」

截至目前,除了向信标链单独质押外,诸多为以太坊提供质押的第三方服务模式已经出现,包括质押即服务、集合质押池、中心化交易所提供的质押服务。以太坊官网也列出了采用去中心化质押服务时的风险、回报和要求。

ETH质押服务的对比

以太坊官方强调,这些路径针对广泛的用户,在风险、回报和信任度方面各不相同,「用户将 ETH 发送到任何地方之前请务必进行自己的研究。」

警惕陷入「ETH2代币」类升级骗局

Bassi还警告了另一种骗局——诱骗用户签署欺诈性交易或以「迁移到新的以太坊链」为幌子套取用户的私钥。

被以太坊官方反复预警的一种升级骗局就是利用「ETH2」这个概念——在合并来临前,诈骗者很可能会忽悠用户将他们的ETH兑换为「ETH2代币」。实际上,合并并不产生任何「ETH2」或者任何其它新代币,「当前你所拥有的ETH在合并后仍然是一样的ETH,不用进行任何的兑换。」

需要知道的常识是,早在今年1月,以太坊官方就弃用了「ETH1」、「ETH2」这样的术语,以执行层和共识层取而代之。

在这之前,ETH1常被指现有的工作量证明链,合并后,这条链将通过难度炸弹被弃用。用户和应用程序将迁移到新的权益证明链上,该链此前习惯被称为ETH2。

为了避免混淆、防范骗局,ETH1、ETH2的说法被弃用,以太坊官方要求核心开发人员停止使用这两个术语,分别用「执行层」取代ETH1术语,以「共识层」取代ETH2术语。

因此,但凡以「ETH2」为幌子要求用户置换新代币的项目,均可视作骗局。以太坊官网在安全性页面提示,诈骗者可能会以「技术支持」的面貌出现,告诉用户需要把手中的ETH存到指定地址,以得到「ETH2」。 实际上,这并不是以太坊官方技术支持的,也没有新代币,「永远不要把你钱包的助记词和陌生人分享。」

同时需要注意的是,有一些衍生代币或凭证可能代表了被质押的ETH,比如Rocket Pool 的 rETH、Lido的stETH、Coinbase 的ETH2,但这些都不需要将ETH迁移到并不存在的「新链」,用户无需自行处理ETH的底层共识转换。

别因贪图空投而落入钓鱼网站陷阱

除了以上两种骗局外,Bassi补充表示,另一种可能的诈骗媒介将以「假空投」的形式出现——说服用户签署交易授权或访问网络钓鱼网站,去接收虚假空投,「ETH 合并将成为这些骗子伪装成知名的、具有经济价值的、承诺空投的项目的好借口。」

Bassi解释,这些空投可能会将用户定向到一个网络钓鱼站点,在那里,他们可能会被骗出他们的ETH和私钥,或落入精心设计的交易签名陷阱。

围绕以太坊合并这一热点事件,已经有骗子在使用加V的推特账户冒充以太坊联合创始人Vitalik Buterin,宣传虚假的ETH空投,诱导网友访问诈骗者的加密钱包,这些地址很可能涉及钓鱼欺诈,需要投资者谨慎识别。

冒用Vitalik Buterin信息的假推特

除了诈骗之外,针对以太坊合并的黑客攻击也不容小觑。鉴于之前测试网的经验,大多数旁观者预计合并会成功。但是Bassi 表示,诈骗者或黑客仍有可能找到一种方法来玩弄系统,「我们真的不知道诈骗者或黑客是否已经开发出针对链的攻击或 DDoS 技术,当 ETH 2.0 具有ETH 1.0 的全部经济价值时,他们可以在合并后使用攻击技术。」

如果发生这样的攻击,Bassi认为,它可能只会暂时影响网络或影响市场,「因为有很多聪明的眼睛在关注合并后的行为。但是,攻击者可能会寻找机会将任何发现货币化。」

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