解读拜登行政命令:政府看到了创新,无须过分担忧

巴比特Publicado em 2022-03-10Última atualização em 2022-03-10

Resumo

关于昨晚拜登签署的行政命令,看看大佬们怎么看。

3月9日晚间,美国白宫官网发布新闻稿,宣布美国总统拜登签署数字资产行政命令。该命令制定了涵盖六个关键优先事项的数字资产国家政策,包括消费者和投资者保护;金融稳定;非法融资;美国在全球金融体系和经济竞争力方面的领导地位;金融包容性;和负责任的创新。

这一行政命令引发了加密圈子的广泛讨论,以下是来自Messari创始人Ryan Selkis‌、华盛顿加密智库Coin Center执行董事Jerry Brito‌、以及美国非盈利组织区块链协会政策主管Jake Chervinsky‌的解读。

注:数字资产行政命令全文翻译版本参见链捕手《美国正式公布数字资产行政命令全文,万字阐述如何展开数字资产监管‌》
Ryan Selkis:今年将是华盛顿涉足加密行业的繁忙一年
细节决定成败,但只需阅读EO(行政命令)的全文,就会发现它的好处。
假设我们避免了第三次世界大战,那么今年将是华盛顿涉足加密行业的繁忙一年
以下是个人的一些想法...
行政命令共有10个部分。第一部分是目标,第三部分是关于办公室的协调,第9-10部分是定义和免责条款。
而六个主要部分为:

  • 目标综述
  • CBDC研发
  • 消费者和企业保护
  • 市场诚信和系统性风险
  • 非法金融风险
  • 国际协调

目标上并不令人惊讶...
保护投资者;确保交易所在"相同业务、相同风险、相同规则 "的框架下运作;减轻非法金融风险(提到了P2P/DeFi);确保美国在金融和科技创新方面的领先地位;不忘DEI(发展有效指标)和气候目标。
而主要目标显然是扩大跨部门的CBDC任务。这是EO的第一个主要部分,命令上写道"对研发工作的紧迫性最高"。

  • 在财政部提交报告之前的180天。
  • 美联储和总检察长也将参与其中。
  • 提及了隐私和"行使人权的能力"

注:这个"行使人权能力"的条款出现了好几次。这很奇怪,但可能也没啥(我在”大脑“钱包中持有比特币的权利是一项人权),或者以后可能会被滥用(被遗忘的权利?)
不知道该怎么理解。也许@valkenburgh可以做出相应的解读。
第5部分对投资者来说是重要部分:拜登的保护措施
标题还是CBDC,但大多数人关心的是5b(v)、5b(vi)、5b(vii)。

  • CFPB、SEC、CFTC是否需要更多的权力来应对投资者的风险?值得注意的是,它们似乎是按隐含的重要性排列的。

5b(vii)将是比特币持有者需要关注的最大问题之一。该条例主张研究"对能源政策的影响,包括与电网管理和可靠性、能源效率激励和标准以及能源供应来源有关的影响。"
而这无疑将对挖矿产生影响!


第6部分赋予金融稳定委员会(FSOC)就市场诚信和系统性风险问题进行合作的权力。他们有210天的时间来报告此事。
这是很基本的权力,但要注意的是,SEC在这里被列在CFTC之前。同样,我不确定我是否对这一点看得过重,但我们希望反一下。

第7部分:最紧迫的期限是关于非法金融(他们真的不喜欢勒索软件),以及一般的KYC/AML的风险。
财政部要在90天和120天内得出结论并提出解决方案的建议。
第8部分:谈到了国际协作。
这可能是一个薄弱环节,如自我监护规则、比特币挖矿规则、旅行规则的遵守、P2P DeFi监管等。所以希望我们不要委托给爱沙尼亚。
这就是我浪费了一个小时来阅读这些相当无害的东西的总结,我想用Twitter上其他人的解读来更好的补充。
如果你想知道更多的内容,可以去关注@jerrybrito@valkenburgh@jchervinsky和其他人的Thread。
关于EO的最后一个想法是:授权意味着我们将在20个不同的战斗中进行合作/战斗。
我预计我和其他人将在今年写出相当于加密领域的《联邦党人文集》。
艰巨,但令人兴奋。
Jerry Brito:当严肃的官员冷静地看待加密货币时,他们看到了创新
以下是我对该行政命令的简要看法。
在过去的几周里,我们看到各种政客、媒体和顾问(他们通常是两届或三届的前政府官员)推动一种说法,即加密货币不仅无用而且危险,应该受到严重限制。
在这种叙事迷雾的背景下,你可以找到财政部和白宫的专业人士在加密货币问题的前线发表的声明,他们一直在说,虽然它带来了某些风险,但这些风险是可以减轻的,而且这项技术具有很大的前景。
那么,EO只是进一步确认,当严肃的官员冷静地看待加密货币时,反应不是不知所措,而是承认它是美国希望促进和领导的创新,同时减轻明显的风险。

我从这一行政命令中得到的信息是,联邦政府将加密货币视为经济和社会的一个合法、严肃和重要的部分,我认为这对那些一直坚持不参与的严肃人士来说是一个好的信号。
该条例还与危言耸听的政客和媒体形成了另一个惊人的对比,因为它最终呼吁的是进一步的研究和深思熟虑的规划,而不是被动地急于立法或监管。
如果说有谁不应该遵循"快速行动,打破常规"的格言,那就是国会。
因此,Coin Center期待着与各种机构进行接触,这些机构现在的任务是研究和规划这些问题,而我们已经花了近十年的时间来研究它们,同时也期待着与与国会中严肃的领导人接触,思考立法建议。
Jake Chervinsky:担心行政命令会给加密货币带来厄运的人可以放松了
任何担心拜登总统的行政命令会给加密货币带来厄运的人现在可以完全放松了。
主要的担忧是,行政命令可能会迫使匆忙制定规则或施加新的和糟糕的限制,但目前看来没有这样的问题。这已经是我们能要求的最好的结果了。
我同意Jerry关于EO的整个观点,但我想特别强调的一点是,尽管最近几个月政府里有几个响亮的声音在无情地攻击加密货币,但EO是平衡和建设性的。
拜登总统值得称赞,他看穿了危言耸听的说法。

加密法令的一个潜在影响是:它可能会减缓国会议员制定新的立法草案的速度,特别是民主党人,因为他们不想违背美国总统刚刚宣布的国家战略,也不想走在行政命令启动研究和报告过程的前面。
我并不太关心该条例中CBDC的内容。
的确,EO中有很多关于CBDC的内容,但都是在其对美国是否有意义的背景下的,EO并没有建议在短期内(或根本没有)启动一个CBDC项目。
而我预计这项研究将得出否定的结论。
我无法理解EO的一点是:它一次都没有提到税收政策。考虑到许多税收问题都尚未解决,这很奇怪。
也许他们的想法是财政部不需要研究税收问题,因为基础设施法案已经处理了这个问题?但这会是一个错误。
那么,对于此次签署的行政命令,你怎么看?

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