美国官方承认冠状病毒实验室来源

cryptonews.ruPublicado em 2026-07-30Última atualização em 2026-07-30

Resumo

美国白宫在其官网发布题为“实验室泄漏:COVID-19的真正起源”的页面,援引美国众议院监督与问责委员会冠状病毒大流行特别小组委员会的调查结论,正式认定新冠病毒最可能源于武汉实验室泄漏。该立场基于多项论据:病毒具有自然界未见的生物特征;所有病例可追溯至单一引入人类事件;疫情初期武汉病毒研究所(WIV)有员工出现类似COVID-19症状;该所曾进行功能增益研究且生物安全水平不足。 报告还指出,美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)资助的非营利组织“生态健康联盟”违规将联邦资金用于武汉的相关高风险研究,并存在延迟报告及隐瞒信息行为。美国卫生与公众服务部已据此中止其联邦资助资格五年。 科学界对病毒起源仍有争议,世界卫生组织等机构仍将自然溢出视为可能假设之一。此次美方官方表态主要依据共和党主导的国会调查,其结论在学术界未形成共识。分析指出,起源调查常具地缘政治色彩,而未来需建立更严格的跨国生物安全协议以防类似全球危机。

白宫在其官方网站上发布了一个名为"实验室泄漏:COVID-19的真实起源"的页面,其中声称大流行最可能的原因源自武汉某实验室的泄漏。该材料基于美国众议院监督与问责委员会下属冠状病毒大流行特别小组委员会的研究结果,该小组一直在调查该疾病的起源。

该页面列举了一系列支持实验室来源论点的论据。作者指出,该病毒具有一种在自然界未发现的生物学特征,并且所有已发现的病例都可追溯到单一病原体进入人类群体的事件——这与以往大流行病不同,以往是从动物到人类多次、独立地发生感染。

支持实验室来源的论点

页面上指出,武汉正是中国专注于SARS家族冠状病毒研究的顶尖实验室所在地。根据作者的声称,该实验室此前曾进行旨在改变病毒基因以增强其特性的功能获得性研究——且在生物安全水平不足的情况下。

同时还提到,武汉病毒研究所的员工在2019年秋季曾出现过类似COVID的症状——比该疾病在当地海鲜市场被正式记录的时间早几个月。页面作者得出结论:如果存在病毒自然起源的证据,它们本应已经显现,但这种情况并未发生。

白宫网站上还特别声明,此前用来反驳泄漏说法的文章"SARS-CoV-2的直接起源",是由免疫学家安东尼·福奇发起,用以推广病毒自然起源的叙述。

国会特别小组委员会的立场

这些阐述的论点与小组委员会于2024年12月4日发布的最终报告"COVID-19大流行期间行动分析:汲取的教训与后续步骤"的内容相符。文件中列举了相同的论据:病毒独特的生物学特征、单一的传播事件、专业实验室位于武汉的事实以及2019年秋季其员工出现的症状。

报告还提到了由生物学家彼得·达扎克领导的生态健康联盟组织。根据小组委员会的数据,该组织曾将美国纳税人的资金用于资助武汉的危险的功能获得性研究。调查揭露了其违反美国国立卫生研究院拨款条件的行为,包括迟交报告和隐瞒部分实验信息。

对生态健康联盟的后果

在小组委员会提交违规证据后,美国卫生与公众服务部启动了禁止该组织获得政府合同的程序,并暂停了对其的资助。2025年1月17日,HHS正式禁止生态健康联盟及彼得·达扎克在未来五年内获得联邦资助。此外,根据报告,美国司法部已组建大陪审团,以调查COVID-19起源的相关情况。

背景

值得注意的是,COVID-19的起源问题在科学界仍然存在争议:部分研究者和国际组织,包括世界卫生组织的工作组,继续将病毒从动物自然传播视为与实验室泄漏同等可能的假设之一。白宫和国会小组委员会的材料代表了一种立场,这种立场依赖于其自身的证据基础和由众议院共和党多数派主导的调查结论。

AI观点

分析表明,对病毒实验室起源的关注有时掩盖了赋予此调查地缘政治分量的宏观影响。这种情况表明,这场大流行导致了近1500万人的死亡,这是世界卫生组织在2020-2021年间记录的。而与此同时,根据亚洲开发银行的估计,全球经济损失超过了4万亿美元。

历史背景表明,在全球危机中寻找责任方常常成为重新分配影响力的工具。未来的技术和生物风险不仅需要回顾性结论,还需要建立严格的超国家生物安全协议。国际调查机制是否足够透明,能够防止未来发生类似的危机?

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Perguntas relacionadas

Q根据文章,美国官方认为COVID-19病毒最可能的来源是什么?

A美国官方认为,COVID-19大流行最可能的原因是中国武汉一处实验室的泄漏。

Q美国众议院特别小组委员会提出了哪些支持新冠病毒实验室来源论的论据?

A论据主要包括:1) 病毒具有自然界未发现的生物特征;2) 所有病例可追溯至单一的引入人类种群事件;3) 武汉存在顶尖的冠状病毒研究实验室,且曾进行增强病毒功能的实验;4) 该实验室有员工在2019年秋出现类似COVID的症状。

Q文章中提到,关于新冠病毒起源的哪篇论文被指与安东尼·福奇博士有关?其目的是什么?

A文章提到,安东尼·福奇博士曾被指启动了论文《SARS-CoV-2的近期起源》,旨在推动病毒自然起源的说法,以反驳实验室泄漏论。

Q美国卫生与公众服务部对EcoHealth Alliance及其负责人采取了什么具体行动?

A美国卫生与公众服务部启动程序禁止该组织获得政府合同并暂停其资助,并于2025年1月17日正式决定,在未来五年内禁止EcoHealth Alliance及其负责人彼得·达萨克获得联邦资金。

Q文章在结尾部分提到,关于病毒起源的争论可能忽视了哪些更宏观的层面?

A文章指出,对病毒实验室起源的关注有时会掩盖其造成的巨大宏观后果(如约1500万人死亡和超过4万亿美元的经济损失),并赋予调查地缘政治意义。同时强调,未来的生物风险需要建立严格的跨国生物安全协议。

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