AI基建“缺芯”蔓延:英特尔和AMD逼中国客户签“卖身契”,CPU月涨10%还等半年

华尔街见闻Publicado em 2026-07-24Última atualização em 2026-07-24

Resumo

该公司将于8月初发布财报。AMD已将其服务器CPU市场规模预测上调至2030年超过1200亿美元,理由是代理型AI(agentic AI)工作负载带动的强劲需求。

英特尔与AMD正就服务器CPU供货问题向中国客户寻求更长期的采购承诺,折射出AI基础设施建设热潮已从AI加速芯片蔓延至更广泛的数据中心元器件,供应商议价能力显著提升。

据路透援引两名知情人士透露,上述供货协议通常锁定采购量但不锁定价格,覆盖期限多为一年左右,部分客户的承诺期限已延伸至两年或以上。与此同时,中国市场服务器CPU价格持续攀升,部分产品月涨幅超过10%,年内累计涨幅已逾40%。

供应趋紧正直接影响中国云计算商和互联网企业的AI扩张节奏。CPU成本上升、采购周期拉长,可能推高相关企业的数据中心部署成本,并造成建设延误。

CPU供应转向卖方市场

AI数据中心在大量部署GPU的同时,还需要配备数量可观的CPU,用于支撑服务器、存储、网络及推理工作负载。相较于AI加速芯片,服务器CPU此前供应较为宽裕,但这一局面正在改变。

英特尔此前已向中国客户发出通知,部分产品交货期长达六个月。长期供货协议的出现,标志着服务器CPU市场正从买方市场向卖方市场切换——这一趋势与此前内存芯片市场因AI需求激增而推动买家签订长期协议的路径如出一辙。

英特尔方面,首席执行官陈立武在4月份的分析师会议上表示,需求"持续超越供应",尤其是至强(Xeon)系列服务器CPU。他还提及英特尔在第一季度签署了多份长期合同,其中包括一项与谷歌达成的多年期协议。CPU供应短缺问题预计将在英特尔本周四发布的季度业绩中成为焦点议题之一。

AMD方面,该公司将于8月初发布财报。AMD已将其服务器CPU市场规模预测上调至2030年超过1200亿美元,理由是代理型AI(agentic AI)工作负载带动的强劲需求。

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