GPU 租赁价格三周跌 30%,AI 价值链正从英伟达「大迁移」至内存芯片

marsbitPublicado em 2026-06-23Última atualização em 2026-06-23

Resumo

英伟达B200芯片的云端租赁价格近期显著下跌,从5月底的6.11美元/小时降至4.22美元/小时,三周内跌幅约30%。这反映出AI算力短缺的叙事可能正在动摇,供应增加与竞争加剧是主要原因。与此同时,半导体市场出现分化:以美光、闪迪为代表的内存芯片公司股价飙升,而英伟达股价同期略有下跌。 市场逻辑正在转变:GPU供应趋于宽松,但AI模型对高带宽内存(HBM)和存储的需求暴增,使内存成为新的产业瓶颈。内存合约价格上半年涨幅超过100%,连苹果公司都表示难以承受成本压力。高盛交易主管指出,若算力租赁价格持续走低,将动摇整个AI硬件链的估值基础,利润可能从卖芯片的上游(如英伟达)向掌握使用量变现的下游转移。 另一方面,长期协议市场依然火热,如Google与SpaceX签订了价值300亿美元的GPU租赁大单,表明大客户仍在锁定长期算力。但这类合同也包含提前终止条款,显示了买方的谨慎。 综合来看,AI产业的价值链和利润分配正在发生变化。投资者的关注点需从“算力稀缺”转向产业链中定价权的转移,内存芯片厂商目前似乎占据了更有利的位置。美光即将发布的财报将成为验证这一趋势的关键。

作者:克洛德,深潮 TechFlow

深潮导读:英伟达 B200 芯片租赁价格自 5 月底高点 6.11 美元/时跌至 4.22 美元/时,三周内回落约 30%。与此同时,半导体板块出现罕见分化:SMH 半导体 ETF 过去一个月涨 15%、美光和闪迪各飙升近 60%,英伟达同期却跌 3%。对持有英伟达或正在考虑 AI 基础设施投资的人来说,一个关键问题浮出水面:AI 的钱不是变少了,而是换了个地方去。

英伟达今年仍涨了约 12%,但目前的市场注意力似乎已经不在它身上了。

过去一个月,VanEck 半导体 ETF(SMH)强势上涨 15%,美光科技和闪迪各自飙升近 60%。英伟达不但没跟上,反而逆势下跌约 3%。更能说明问题的是,支撑英伟达定价叙事的核心指标,B200 芯片的云端租赁价格,也在同步走软。

据 GPU 算力定价平台 Ornn 数据,B200 每小时租赁价格在 5 月 30 日触及 6.11 美元的三个月新高,此后持续下行,截至上周末已降至 4.22 美元,跌幅约 30%。高盛 One-Delta 交易台主管 Rich Privorotsky 上周直接点题:AI「算力稀缺」的神话可能正在跌落神坛。

B200 租赁价格三周跌 30%,「算力稀缺」叙事承压

英伟达 B200 是当前超大规模数据中心的核心算力芯片,其租赁价格被视为 AI 基础设施供需的晴雨表。从多个第三方追踪平台的数据来看,B200 的定价正在松动。

Ornn 数据显示,B200 每小时租赁价格从 5 月 30 日的 6.11 美元高点一路走低,截至上周末报 4.22 美元。AIMultiple 汇编的 63 家云服务商月度价格指数显示,B200 的中位数报价为 6.11 美元/小时,但新云(neocloud)厂商的底价已经压到 3.44 美元。GetDeploying 追踪的 26 家 B200 云服务商数据更极端:均价 4.99 美元/小时,最低报价仅 2.25 美元/小时(三年期预留合同)。

价格下行的驱动因素有三个:台积电 4NP 制程良率改善使 B200 出货成本下降;SK 海力士和美光的 HBM3e 供应在 2026 年二季度明显松弛;更多新云厂商拿到了 B200 库存,RunPod、Lambda、Nebius、Spheron 等都已上架现货,竞争压低了整体价格。

下半年压力还会更大。英伟达下一代 Blackwell Ultra B300 开始进入现货池后,部分 B200 产能会从按需转为竞价模式。B300 的竞价(spot)价格已出现过低至 2.45 美元/小时的报价,比 B200 的最低挂牌价还便宜。Spheron 和 Thunder Compute 等机构预测,B200 按需价格可能在 2026 年四季度稳定在 2.50 至 3.00 美元区间。

对持仓英伟达的投资者而言,租赁价格走软意味着英伟达下游客户(云厂商、新云平台)的利润率承压,而这些客户的采购意愿直接决定英伟达的订单节奏。

半导体板块大分化:内存暴涨,英伟达落单

这轮分化的数据相当刺眼。

英伟达 2026 年迄今涨约 12%,过去一个月跌约 3%。同期 SMH 半导体 ETF 年内涨 84%,过去一个月涨 15%。美光科技过去一个月涨近 60%,股价冲至约 1,089 美元的历史新高,年内累计涨幅超过 700%,市值突破 1.2 万亿美元。闪迪(SanDisk)过去一个月同样涨近 60%,过去 52 周涨幅超过 4,400%。

市场或许不是不看好 AI 了,是觉得 AI 价值链的瓶颈在转移。

之前的逻辑是「GPU 稀缺→英伟达有定价权→上游最赚」。现在的逻辑变成了:GPU 供应在松弛,但 AI 模型对高带宽内存(HBM)和存储的需求在暴增,内存成了新的瓶颈。

美光最新一季财报(2026 年二季度)营收 238 亿美元,同比增长近两倍(去年同期 80 亿美元);闪迪从西部数据分拆后,2026 财年三季度营收 59.5 亿美元,同比增长 97%。

TrendForce 6 月 16 日发布的数据显示,2026 年上半年内存合约价格飙升超过 100%,结构性短缺预计将延续至下半年。苹果 CEO 蒂姆·库克上周在接受采访时承认,苹果已无法继续吸收内存成本上涨的压力。当连苹果这种议价能力最强的买家都公开表态「扛不住了」,内存厂商的定价权可见一斑。

美光将于明天(6 月 24 日)盘后公布第三季度财报,市场普遍预期将再创纪录。这份财报将成为「内存超级周期」能否持续的关键验证。

高盛交易主管:核心指标是租赁价格

高盛 One-Delta 交易台主管 Rich Privorotsky 上周提出了一个清晰的判断框架:

如果算力资源确实稀缺,租赁价格应该保持坚挺,持续的资本支出也就站得住脚。如果供应增加且租赁价格持续走低,「算力短缺」这个支撑整个 AI 硬件链条估值的核心假设就要被动摇。

他进一步指出,这种压力首先会体现在硬件端。真正的受益者是那些销售完整系统并通过使用量变现的公司,而不是只卖「镐和铲」的上游。更大的风险在于硬件和基础设施栈的上游环节,因为那里的估值仍然建立在「持续短缺」的前提上。

这段话的指向很明确:英伟达的商业模式是卖芯片(镐和铲),而不是按使用量收费。如果下游客户的租赁价格在跌,但英伟达的芯片售价没跌,中间就会形成利润率挤压,最终传导为订单放缓。

Citadel Securities 近期的「Tokenomics」报告也呼应了类似判断:AI 采纳的核心约束已经从「模型能力」转向「成本和算力稀缺性」,用户正在加速迁移到更便宜的模型。Token 价格指数连续七天下跌,创下今年以来最长跌幅。

圣塔克拉拉大学金融学教授 Seoyoung Kim 的描述更直白:大多数买家不知道明年需要多少算力,供应商不知道该订多少 GPU,英伟达也不知道该生产多少。三方都在猜,而当猜测的方向同时从「不够用」转向「可能多了」时,价格就会承压。

SpaceX-Google 300 亿美元天价合同:长协市场仍然火热

租赁现货价格在跌,但长协市场讲的是另一个故事。

据 SpaceX 6 月 5 日提交给 SEC 的文件,Google 同意从 2026 年 10 月到 2029 年 6 月每月向 SpaceX 支付 9.2 亿美元,租用约 11 万块英伟达 GPU 及配套处理器、内存和其他组件。合同总价值约 300 亿美元。此前 5 月,Anthropic 已与 SpaceX 签订类似协议,月付 12.5 亿美元,租用其位于孟菲斯的 Colossus 1 数据中心全部可用算力,总价值近 450 亿美元。

这两笔合同的背景是,SpaceX 在 2026 年 2 月完成与 xAI 的合并后,将 xAI 此前自建的 Colossus 超算集群转化为对外出租的商业资产,赶在 IPO(目标估值 1.75 万亿美元)前锁定大额收入。

对英伟达而言,这是一个矛盾信号。一方面,11 万块 GPU 的长协合同证明大客户仍在大规模锁定算力,RBC 资本市场在交易公布后表示英伟达「在同行中处于最有利位置」,认为这些 GPU 租赁协议至少在短期内能消除市场对 ASIC 蚕食英伟达份额的担忧。

另一方面,Google 之所以需要从 SpaceX 租算力,恰恰因为自建产能跟不上需求。Google 2026 年资本支出在 1,800 至 1,900 亿美元之间,SpaceX 的月付 9.2 亿美元不到年度预算的 6%,本质上是一笔「过桥产能」。当这些超级客户的自有数据中心在 2027-2028 年陆续投产,外部租用需求能否维持当前规模是一个问号。

合同还附带了 90 天通知期的提前终止条款。这不像是「算力极度稀缺」时签出来的合同条款,更像是买方留了退路。

英伟达的风险:不在需求端在定价权

把上述线索串起来,英伟达面临的问题是 AI 价值链的利润分配在变化。

GPU 供应端,台积电良率提升、更多厂商拿到库存、B300 即将大规模上市,三重因素正在缓解 2024-2025 年的极端短缺。需求端,超级客户仍在大规模采购,但采购的形态从「不惜代价抢货」转向「比价、长协锁量、保留退出权」。利润端,下游云厂商的租赁价格已经在跌,如果英伟达自身的芯片售价无法同步下调,中间环节的利润挤压会最终反噬订单量。

内存芯片成为新宠,则是价值链迁移的另一面。

AI 模型越大、推理任务越多,对高带宽内存的需求就越刚性。GPU 可以通过架构升级提升效率(比如 B200 的 FP4 精度把每参数字节砍半),但内存带宽是物理瓶颈,没有捷径。美光的 HBM 产能在 2026 年全年已经售罄,这种「有钱也买不到」的状态,和英伟达 B200 租赁价格走低形成了鲜明对比。

美光明天的财报将提供下一个关键数据点。如果营收和指引再次超预期,「AI 价值链从 GPU 向内存迁移」的叙事会进一步强化。对投资者来说,这不是看空 AI,需要重新想想 AI 这条链上,谁的定价权在增强,谁的在松动。

Perguntas relacionadas

Q根据文章,英伟达 B200 芯片的云端租赁价格在三周内下跌了多少百分比?导致价格下跌的三个主要驱动因素是什么?

A英伟达 B200 芯片的云端租赁价格在三周内下跌了约 30%。导致价格下跌的三个主要驱动因素是:1. 台积电 4NP 制程良率改善使 B200 出货成本下降;2. SK 海力士和美光的 HBM3e 供应在 2026 年二季度明显松弛;3. 更多新云厂商拿到了 B200 库存,竞争压低了整体价格。

Q文章指出当前半导体板块出现罕见分化,其具体表现是什么?这反映了市场对AI价值链认知的何种转变?

A具体表现是:过去一个月,追踪半导体板块的 SMH ETF 上涨 15%,内存芯片公司美光科技和闪迪各飙升近 60%,而同期英伟达股价却下跌约 3%。这反映了市场认知的转变:AI价值链的瓶颈正从GPU算力转向高带宽内存(HBM)和存储,市场认为内存成为了新的制约因素和利润增长点。

Q高盛交易主管Rich Privorotsky提出了一个怎样的判断框架来评估AI算力市场的健康状况?他认为这个框架下,哪类公司的商业模式面临更大风险?

ARich Privorotsky提出的判断框架是:如果算力资源确实稀缺,租赁价格应该保持坚挺,持续的资本支出就站得住脚;如果供应增加且租赁价格持续走低,那么“算力短缺”这个支撑整个AI硬件链条估值的核心假设就要被动摇。他认为,商业模式风险更大的公司是那些只卖芯片(“镐和铲”)的上游硬件和基础设施公司,其估值仍建立在“持续短缺”的前提上,而真正的受益者是销售完整系统并通过使用量变现的公司。

Q文章中提到Google与SpaceX签订的天价GPU租赁合同有哪些特点?这份合同对英伟达的信号意义存在哪些矛盾之处?

A该合同的特点是:总价值约300亿美元,租期从2026年10月到2029年6月,Google每月支付9.2亿美元租用约11万块英伟达GPU。它还附带了90天通知期的提前终止条款。 对英伟达的矛盾信号在于:一方面,这证明超级客户仍在为未来大规模锁定算力,短期内能消除市场对ASIC蚕食英伟达份额的担忧;另一方面,Google租用外部算力恰恰说明其自建产能不足,这本质上是“过桥产能”,一旦客户自有数据中心在未来几年投产,外部租用需求可能下降,且合同中的终止条款也暗示了买方保留了退路,并非极端稀缺下的无条件采购。

Q文章认为英伟达当前面临的核心风险是什么?与此相对,内存芯片(如美光)为何成为市场新宠?

A文章认为英伟达当前面临的核心风险不在于需求端,而在于定价权的松动。随着GPU供应紧张缓解(台积电良率提升、库存增加、新品上市),下游云厂商的租赁价格已经开始下跌。如果英伟达自身的芯片售价无法同步下调,中间环节的利润挤压最终会反噬其订单量。 内存芯片(如美光)成为市场新宠,是因为AI模型规模和推理任务的增长对高带宽内存(HBM)的需求变得非常刚性。内存带宽是物理瓶颈,难以通过架构升级绕过,目前美光的HBM产能在2026年已售罄,呈现“有钱也买不到”的状态,这与英伟达GPU租赁价格走软形成鲜明对比,使其获得了更强的定价权。

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marsbitOntem 08:06

Gate Research Institute: The 'Wall Street-ization' Wave of Crypto Financial Products – Competition or Integration?

The article titled "Gate Research Institute: Are Crypto Financial Products Sparking a 'Wall Street' Wave—Competition or Convergence?" explores the evolving relationship between the crypto ecosystem and traditional finance (TradFi). The piece begins by reflecting on Bitcoin's original 2009 vision of decentralization, disintermediation, and moving away from banks. It then contrasts this with the 2024 landscape, where key crypto assets like Bitcoin are increasingly held through Wall Street products like ETFs issued by giants like BlackRock. The article questions whether this signifies that TradFi is systematically taking over the rights to issue, price, custody, and distribute crypto financial assets. The core argument is that this is not a zero-sum takeover but rather a bidirectional convergence where each side addresses the other's weaknesses. Crypto offers 24/7 global markets, programmable settlement, and open access but lacks compliant channels, institutional-grade custody, deep fiat liquidity, and mainstream distribution. TradFi possesses these but is constrained by legacy systems, limited operating hours, and slow settlement. Two primary convergence paths are highlighted: * **Path A (CEX to TradFi):** Exemplified by Gate, which has progressed from offering tokenized stocks and CFDs to providing direct, real stock trading (US, Hong Kong, South Korea) within its platform, using USDT. * **Path B (TradFi to Crypto):** Exemplified by Robinhood, which has integrated crypto trading, acquired exchanges like Bitstamp, and is moving traditional assets like stocks onto the blockchain via tokenization and its own Layer 2. Both paths are ultimately competing to become the next-generation, unified financial account—a "super account" where users can seamlessly trade cryptocurrencies, stocks, ETFs, RWA (Real World Assets), and tokenized treasury products in one interface. The growth of RWA and tokenized treasuries (e.g., BlackRock's BUIDL) is presented as the asset-layer fusion, providing stable, yield-bearing assets on-chain and acting as a bridge between the two worlds. In conclusion, the "Wall Street-ization" of crypto is framed as a mutual transformation. Decentralized ideals persist in the protocol layer, while at the application layer, a more efficient, global, and accessible unified capital market is emerging from this convergence. The future competition lies not between crypto exchanges and stockbrokers, but between platforms vying to offer the most comprehensive asset coverage, liquidity, and user experience within a single account.

marsbitOntem 08:01

Gate Research Institute: The 'Wall Street-ization' Wave of Crypto Financial Products – Competition or Integration?

marsbitOntem 08:01

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