Token预算战争:企业AI进入「算账时代」

marsbitPublicado em 2026-05-28Última atualização em 2026-05-28

Resumo

企业AI正从“是否采用”进入“如何算账”的“Token预算战争”阶段。随着AI推理成本从实验性支出变为持续性运营成本,CEO和CFO开始追问:每一美元token投入究竟创造了什么实际价值? 文章指出,AI的使用量(token消耗)不等于价值。与SaaS时代不同,token账单上涨可能意味着有效工作,也可能源自无效折腾——如低效提示词、无关上下文、模型选择不当或重复重试。关键在于衡量“边际token效用”,即每多花一美元所创造的商业价值。 当前企业面临三大挑战:重试导致成本复合增长、上下文过度供给造成成本飙升,以及任务路由不合理(简单任务误用强大模型)。这使企业难以将token成本与具体业务结果(如替代外包、节省人力或创造收入)清晰关联。 解决问题的核心在于建立“从token到结果的归因层”:记录AI执行轨迹(检索、工具调用、重试、人工干预等),并将推理支出与完成的工作单位(如处理每张发票、每个客诉)挂钩。谁能实现这种归因,谁就能掌控AI资源的分配权,决定哪些工作流值得投入更多算力,哪些应改用更便宜模型或保持人工。 最终,企业AI的下一阶段不再是证明技术能否完成任务,而是判断这些任务是否值得付费。掌握token效用衡量的企业,将赢得这场预算分配的主导权。

原文标题:Token Budget Wars

原文作者:Jaya Gupta

原文编译:Peggy

编者按:企业 AI 正在从「是否采用」,进入「如何算账」的阶段。

过去两年,许多公司推动员工使用 AI,更多是为了跟上技术趋势和竞争压力。但当 AI 推理成本从实验预算变成持续性的运营支出,CEO 和 CFO 开始追问一个更现实的问题:AI 到底创造了多少价值?每一美元 token 成本,换来了什么实际结果?

这正是「Token Budget Wars」的核心。所谓 token 预算战争,不只是企业想压低 AI 账单,而是要重新判断哪些业务值得投入更多算力,哪些任务应该换成更便宜的模型,哪些流程可以替代外包或人工,哪些只是无效消耗。

文章最值得关注的是,AI 的使用量并不等于价值。SaaS 时代,使用量通常意味着软件被采用;但 AI 时代,token 消耗只能说明「计价器在运行」。同一个工作流,可能因为提示词、上下文、模型选择和重试次数不同,产生数倍成本差异。账单变高,既可能是 AI 真正在干活,也可能是系统在无效折腾。

因此,企业 AI 的下一阶段,关键不只是模型能力,而是能否把 token 成本和业务结果对应起来。第一阶段证明了 AI 可以完成工作;第二阶段要回答的是:这些工作到底值不值得付费。

以下为原文:

企业 AI 已经从「是否采用」走向「如何分配」。

在公司高层,新的「通货」是你量化 AI 投资回报率的能力。每个职能部门都被问到同一个问题:你产出了什么?成本是多少?过去两年里,CEO 们一边早上醒来看 CNBC 上的 Jim Cramer(#bearish),一边看着竞争对手宣布生产力提升,然后要求公司上下都去使用 AI。现在真正带来压力的,是后续那个问题:把价值证明给我看。

Claude 于 2025 年 11 月发布,而那时大多数企业的 2026 年年度预算已经锁定。到了第一季度,企业的实际使用量已经远超原计划。推理成本不再只是一个用于试验的预算项目,而变成了持续发生的运营成本。随之而来的,是一个新问题:AI 到底在哪里真正创造了价值?

这个问题很难回答,因为 token 的效用并没有被量化。账单无法告诉你,这笔支出究竟是替代了人工、创造了收入、降低了风险、加速了流程,还是只是一群工程师为了排行榜疯狂刷 token(#metamates)。当支出只有几十万美元时,它看起来仍像是一场实验。但超过某个临界点,比如达到七位数时,它就变成了基础设施。技术上的差异开始对损益表产生实质影响:同一个工作流、同一组输入,两次运行的 token 成本可能相差 5 到 10 倍,而表面上看起来并没有任何问题。在实验规模下,这种波动已经相当昂贵;但一旦进入基础设施规模,它就成了 CFO 必须向 CEO 解释的数字。

可以把它称为「边际 token 效用」:每多花一美元推理成本所创造的商业价值。这是在规模化阶段真正重要的数字,也是大多数公司目前看不见的数字。

董事会里的问题正在从「AI 有没有用」,转向「AI 到底在哪里真正形成杠杆」。也正因如此,所谓 token 预算之争,本质上是在争夺 token 的分配权。

而关于 token 所有权的争夺之所以迅速升温,是因为它正撞上一种延续了三十年的高管本能:大团队意味着大职位、大职责范围和更大的权力。过去,高级管理者成功与否的可见标志,是他们管理的团队规模——直属下属、隔级下属,以及组织架构中的人数。

但当智能成为稀缺资源,新的标志就变成了:你能调度多少智能。

AI 支出本质上正在与人工成本竞争。

大多数 AI 预算申请,本质上都是三类主张之一:替代外包劳动力,替代内部劳动力,或创造新的收入。

一个员工有工资。一个 BPO 外包合同有按工单、理赔、发票或审核计价的价格。人类能够理解这些计量单位。但推理成本更复杂,因为一个任务最终完成的成本,取决于系统在执行过程中如何运行。一个需要三次重试、人工修正,并且调用前沿模型的理赔任务,可能比它原本打算替代的外包人力还要贵。也正因如此,讨论正在转向:完成一个结果的成本是多少?比如每个已解决工单、每笔已处理理赔、每份已审合同、每张已完成发票、每个避免新增的岗位、每个留住的客户,或者每一美元收入转化所对应的成本。

高管们已经意识到,BPO 是最容易建立基准的地方,因为这些工作本来就已经按照「完成单位」计价。相比之下,内部员工与 AI 的比较要困难得多,因为员工每天会做很多事情,包括午休时刷 TikTok;生产率提升往往体现为避免招聘或分散的产能释放;而管理者也会抗拒仅仅基于部分自动化就削减团队人数。BPO 为业务团队提供了一个可量化的基准线。

这与 SaaS 的逻辑不同。SaaS 曾经训练企业把使用量视为价值的代理指标。

但 AI 打破了这一点。同一个工作流消耗多少推理资源,可能会因为提示词、检索到的上下文、所选模型、调用的工具、重试次数,以及 agent 是否卡住而出现巨大差异。账单上的单位——token——是稳定的,但它所代表的工作量并不稳定。

更准确地说:信号和噪音使用的是同一个计量单位。token 账单上升,可能意味着真正的工作正在完成;但也可能意味着算力正在被浪费在糟糕的提示词、无关上下文、不必要的工具调用、重复推理和能力过剩的模型上。两家企业的 token 账单可能完全相同,但底层运行的业务截然不同:一家正在把推理转化为结果,另一家则是在为无效折腾买单,而这两种情况在账单条目上看起来一模一样。

SaaS 的使用量告诉你:软件已经被采用。AI 的使用量只能告诉你:计价器正在运行。它并不能告诉你,公司到底有没有真正跑起来。

为什么边际 token 效用难以看见?

主要有三点。

第一是重试长尾。如果一个 agent 第一次就正确完成工作流的概率是 p,那么每个已解决工作流的预期 token 消耗大致会按照 T/p 扩大,其中 T 是基础成本。如果完成率从 90% 下降到 70%,每次解决问题的有效成本大约会提高 28%,而不是 20%,因为失败会产生复合效应。在企业工作流中,输入往往混乱,异常情况也很重要。失败不仅会降低准确率,还会改变经济账。

第二是上下文膨胀。对于高度依赖注意力机制的操作,推理成本大致会随着上下文长度以 O(n2) 的方式增长。因此,上下文长度翻倍,推理成本大致会变为四倍。每个人都希望模型掌握足够信息,所以系统往往会过度供给:原本五份文档就够,检索却拉取了五十份;连接器直接倒入整条邮件线程;agent 携带着早已过时的对话历史继续运行。

第三是路由。当团队不知道哪个模型「足够好」时,默认就会使用最强的模型。一个基础分类任务,可能会跑在原本用于复杂推理的同一个模型上。当调用量达到数百万次时,把简单任务交给小模型,还是把所有任务都交给前沿模型,往往就是可控账单与董事会级别问题之间的区别。

非软件行业会以一种「转型」的形式感受到这种痛苦。软件公司会最先看到这个问题,因为被优化的工作本来就已经被充分仪表化。工程团队有 PR、提交、部署、事故、周期时间、平均修复时间等指标,而且这些指标与产品相连。虽然并不完美,但这类工作更容易被衡量。

非软件企业会更深刻地感受到这个问题,因为它们的工作是运营性的。比如理赔、承保、客服工单、合规审查、供应链异常、支付争议。或者,那些拥有现实世界资产的公司也会面临同样问题。这些工作流过去通常用人工、周期时间、SLA 达成率和错误率来衡量,而且往往有更高要求,需要在审计中站得住脚,而不只是平均意义上正确。工作单位和成本单位并不使用同一种语言,也不处在同一个组织里。技术团队能看到 token 消耗,业务部门能看到工作流变化,但要把两者连接起来,需要多个团队先对「到底在衡量什么」达成一致。

我认为,软件公司会把 token 预算之争体验为一个生产率衡量问题,这也对应了此前发生的诸多「AI 裁员」;而非软件企业会把它体验为一个转型问题。

缺失的那一层,是从 token 到结果的归因。企业需要一个转换层,把推理支出与完成的工作、产生的业务结果连接起来。这个层必须回答三个问题:这个工作流的真实成本是多少,包括重试和修正?agent 的执行轨迹中,哪些部分真正重要,哪些只是无效折腾?这项工作是否改变了运营模式——比如每个客服处理更少工单、理赔周期更短、BPO 预算更小、招聘被推迟?下一层,是用业务语言来做结果归因。不是简单地说「这个工作流花了 2.13 美元」,而是要说:这类理赔由 agent 处理比 BPO 更便宜,但如果保单要求额外异常文件,重试长尾就会摧毁经济性。

衡量会变成记忆。为了把一个 token 与一个结果连接起来,企业必须捕捉中间发生的一切:agent 看到了什么、检索了什么、调用了哪些工具、忽略了什么、在哪里重试、什么时候被人工覆盖、适用了哪个异常规则、哪个先例起了作用,以及为什么一条路径成功而另一条路径失败。衡量层必须记录决策轨迹,而这恰恰是企业过去几乎从未真正拥有过的东西。记录系统能够捕捉发生了什么,但很少能捕捉为什么。比如,CRM 可以告诉你一笔交易延期了,但无法告诉你销售预测背后那些未被写下来的判断。

决策理由是公司里最容易腐败、最容易消失的资产之一,因为它存在于 Slack 线程、邮件链、升级会议和人的脑子里。但问题在于,人会离开,流程也会变化。

AI 改变了这一点,因为 agent 会生成轨迹。每一次检索、工具调用、重试、升级、人工修正和最终决策,都会成为从上下文到行动再到结果这条路径的一部分。起初,公司会捕捉这些轨迹,是为了证明支出的合理性。但一旦这些轨迹被捕捉下来,它们就会比成本报告本身更有价值,因为它们会变成一份持久记录,记录组织实际上是如何做决策的。(咳,context graph,虽然我最近真的已经听腻这个词了。)

分配层才是真正的奖品。如果推理成为客户运营模型中的一种按量计费资源,那么每一美元都必须证明自己值得花。哪些供应商能够说明 token 什么时候转化成了结果,什么时候没有,以及为什么?

企业不会自己把这件事完全摸索出来。它们会把它当作一场转型来购买。财富 500 强企业以前已经反复上演过这种剧本:系好安全带,聘请麦肯锡,把市场上每一个 Palantir 前员工都招进来,然后由 CEO 自上而下推动变革。Token 到结果的归因也会以类似 ERP、BI 和数字化转型的方式出现:作为一个有高管背书的「项目」到来,底层配套一套基础设施,并最终成为新的事实来源。能够做成这件事的创始人,会组建不同类型的创始团队,他们本身也会不同于传统意义上的创业者原型。

谁掌握了 token 到结果的归因,谁就能做出分配决策:哪些工作流值得更多算力,哪些应该设限,哪些应该切换到更便宜的模型,哪些继续由人完成,哪些可以替代 BPO。而一旦你能做出这些决策,你就控制了企业内部 AI 支出的流向,并获得了分配这笔资源所需的信任。

企业 AI 的第一阶段证明了:模型可以完成工作。下一阶段将决定的是:这些工作到底有多少值得付费。正如查理·芒格所说:给我看激励机制,我就能告诉你结果。

原文链接

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Perguntas relacionadas

Q这篇文章的核心论点是什么?

A文章的核心论点是,企业AI的应用正从早期的“是否采用”阶段,进入到注重成本和价值核算的“如何算账”阶段。企业需要将token(AI推理资源消耗的基本单位)的消耗与实际业务价值创造对应起来,衡量“边际token效用”,从而进行更明智的资源分配和预算决策。

Q什么是“Token预算战争”?其本质是什么?

A“Token预算战争”是指企业为了控制AI推理成本、提高AI投资回报率而进行的资源争夺。其本质不只是为了压低AI账单,而是要重新判断哪些业务值得投入更多算力、哪些任务该用便宜模型、哪些流程可由人或外包替代。这背后是关于企业内部智能(AI算力)分配权和预算控制权的争夺。

Q为什么SaaS时代的“使用量等于价值”逻辑在AI时代不适用了?

A因为在SaaS时代,软件使用量通常意味着被采纳和利用,能间接反映价值。但在AI时代,账单上的token消耗量只表明“计价器在运行”,并不能直接等同于有效工作。同样的token消耗,可能代表高效完成了任务,也可能代表因提示词不佳、模型选择不当、重试过多、上下文膨胀等问题造成的算力浪费。AI的使用量无法直接区分有效工作和无效折腾。

Q影响“边际token效用”(即每美元token成本创造的商业价值)难以看清和衡量的三个主要原因是什么?

A一是重试长尾:AI代理(agent)一次成功的概率下降,会因重试失败产生复合效应,显著增加有效成本。二是上下文膨胀:为了让模型获得更多信息而过度提供上下文,导致推理成本呈平方级增长。三是路由问题:团队倾向于默认使用最强(也最贵)的模型处理所有任务,而不是根据任务复杂度选择“足够好”的便宜模型,造成巨大浪费。

Q根据文章,企业在AI应用的下一阶段,需要建立什么关键能力?谁能掌握这种能力,谁就掌握了什么?

A下一阶段的关键能力是建立“从token到结果的归因”层。即能精确追踪和衡量每一笔token支出对应了哪些具体工作、产生了何种业务结果(如处理了多少工单、节省了多少BPO费用等)。谁能掌握这种归因能力,谁就能做出AI资源的分配决策(如哪些工作流该用更多算力、哪些该切换模型等),从而控制企业内部AI支出的流向,并获得分配这笔资源的信任和权力。

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marsbitOntem 08:36

BIT Trading Moment: BTC Still Suppressed by Weekly 200 EMA, Rejection May Restart Decline; Storage and Semiconductors that Surged Last Night Begin Falling in Evening Trading

**Crypto & Stock Market Wrap: Bitcoin Tests Resistance, Stocks Retreat After AI Surge** Bitcoin consolidates around $66,000, facing key resistance near $68,000—an area seen as a major psychological and technical hurdle where previous rallies have failed. Analysts note the cryptocurrency is caught between its 200-week moving average (~$63,333) and 200-week EMA (~$68,328). A clear break above $68k is needed to signal a stronger bullish trend, while a rejection could lead to a retest of $63k support. Market sentiment remains cautious, with low futures open interest pointing to a low-liquidity rebound rather than a full bull market. Bitcoin spot ETFs saw another $203 million inflow. US stock futures pointed lower after a strong Tuesday session led by a massive rebound in semiconductors and memory stocks. The rally was fueled by renewed optimism about AI-driven hardware demand, with Micron, SanDisk, and SK Hynix surging. However, those gains reversed in pre-market trading. Super Micro Computer (SMCI) soared over 20% after hours on strong guidance and a record backlog. Other standouts included Rocket Lab and nuclear energy plays Oklo and X-Energy. Rising oil prices (Brent above $91) and climbing Treasury yields (10-year near 4.64%), however, are reigniting inflation concerns and acting as a headwind for equities. In Asia, markets were mixed. South Korea's KOSPI pared early gains to close slightly higher as semiconductor stocks like SK Hynix gave back initial surges. Japan's Nikkei edged lower as the yen hit a fresh 38-year low against the dollar, raising fears of potential market intervention. Key events to watch include the Samsung Galaxy launch, AMD's AI event, and a slew of major tech earnings from Alphabet, Tesla, and IBM after the close on Wednesday, followed by the ECB meeting and Intel's earnings on Thursday.

marsbitOntem 08:28

BIT Trading Moment: BTC Still Suppressed by Weekly 200 EMA, Rejection May Restart Decline; Storage and Semiconductors that Surged Last Night Begin Falling in Evening Trading

marsbitOntem 08:28

Former CFTC Chairman, Circle President Tarbert: Preaching Long-Termism While Cashing Out $30 Million Himself

Former CFTC Chairman and Circle President Heath Tarbert has consistently advocated for a long-term vision in public, urging patience from investors as Circle’s stock price has fallen significantly from its peak. However, it has been revealed that since Circle’s IPO, Tarbert has continuously sold his CRCL shares through pre-arranged trading plans, cashing out approximately $30 million, without making any public market purchases. This contrast between his public messaging and personal actions has drawn criticism. Tarbert joined Circle in July 2023 as Chief Legal Officer, leveraging his regulatory experience to help guide the company through its IPO and expansion. Despite promoting stablecoins as long-term infrastructure, he established a 10b5-1 trading plan just before Circle went public, leading to substantial stock sales over the following year. In March 2026, he initiated another plan to sell more shares. His career trajectory highlights a pattern of moving between high-level regulatory roles and influential positions in the financial sector. After resigning as CFTC Chairman in early 2021, he joined Citadel Securities as Chief Legal Officer just 27 days later, during a period of intense regulatory scrutiny for the firm. He later joined Circle, aiding its efforts to navigate regulatory challenges for its public listing. While Tarbert's expertise in policy and compliance is valuable to companies like Circle, his actions—advocating long-term confidence while personally divesting—raise questions about the alignment between his public statements and his private financial decisions, leaving investors who followed his advice to bear the market risks.

marsbitOntem 08:06

Former CFTC Chairman, Circle President Tarbert: Preaching Long-Termism While Cashing Out $30 Million Himself

marsbitOntem 08:06

Gate Research Institute: The 'Wall Street-ization' Wave of Crypto Financial Products – Competition or Integration?

The article titled "Gate Research Institute: Are Crypto Financial Products Sparking a 'Wall Street' Wave—Competition or Convergence?" explores the evolving relationship between the crypto ecosystem and traditional finance (TradFi). The piece begins by reflecting on Bitcoin's original 2009 vision of decentralization, disintermediation, and moving away from banks. It then contrasts this with the 2024 landscape, where key crypto assets like Bitcoin are increasingly held through Wall Street products like ETFs issued by giants like BlackRock. The article questions whether this signifies that TradFi is systematically taking over the rights to issue, price, custody, and distribute crypto financial assets. The core argument is that this is not a zero-sum takeover but rather a bidirectional convergence where each side addresses the other's weaknesses. Crypto offers 24/7 global markets, programmable settlement, and open access but lacks compliant channels, institutional-grade custody, deep fiat liquidity, and mainstream distribution. TradFi possesses these but is constrained by legacy systems, limited operating hours, and slow settlement. Two primary convergence paths are highlighted: * **Path A (CEX to TradFi):** Exemplified by Gate, which has progressed from offering tokenized stocks and CFDs to providing direct, real stock trading (US, Hong Kong, South Korea) within its platform, using USDT. * **Path B (TradFi to Crypto):** Exemplified by Robinhood, which has integrated crypto trading, acquired exchanges like Bitstamp, and is moving traditional assets like stocks onto the blockchain via tokenization and its own Layer 2. Both paths are ultimately competing to become the next-generation, unified financial account—a "super account" where users can seamlessly trade cryptocurrencies, stocks, ETFs, RWA (Real World Assets), and tokenized treasury products in one interface. The growth of RWA and tokenized treasuries (e.g., BlackRock's BUIDL) is presented as the asset-layer fusion, providing stable, yield-bearing assets on-chain and acting as a bridge between the two worlds. In conclusion, the "Wall Street-ization" of crypto is framed as a mutual transformation. Decentralized ideals persist in the protocol layer, while at the application layer, a more efficient, global, and accessible unified capital market is emerging from this convergence. The future competition lies not between crypto exchanges and stockbrokers, but between platforms vying to offer the most comprehensive asset coverage, liquidity, and user experience within a single account.

marsbitOntem 08:01

Gate Research Institute: The 'Wall Street-ization' Wave of Crypto Financial Products – Competition or Integration?

marsbitOntem 08:01

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Como comprar ERA

Bem-vindo à HTX.com!Tornámos a compra de Caldera (ERA) simples e conveniente.Segue o nosso guia passo a passo para iniciar a tua jornada no mundo das criptos.Passo 1: cria a tua conta HTXUtiliza o teu e-mail ou número de telefone para te inscreveres numa conta gratuita na HTX.Desfruta de um processo de inscrição sem complicações e desbloqueia todas as funcionalidades.Obter a minha contaPasso 2: vai para Comprar Cripto e escolhe o teu método de pagamentoCartão de crédito/débito: usa o teu visa ou mastercard para comprar Caldera (ERA) instantaneamente.Saldo: usa os fundos da tua conta HTX para transacionar sem problemas.Terceiros: adicionamos métodos de pagamento populares, como Google Pay e Apple Pay, para aumentar a conveniência.P2P: transaciona diretamente com outros utilizadores na HTX.Mercado de balcão (OTC): oferecemos serviços personalizados e taxas de câmbio competitivas para os traders.Passo 3: armazena teu Caldera (ERA)Depois de comprar o teu Caldera (ERA), armazena-o na tua conta HTX.Alternativamente, podes enviá-lo para outro lugar através de transferência blockchain ou usá-lo para transacionar outras criptomoedas.Passo 4: transaciona Caldera (ERA)Transaciona facilmente Caldera (ERA) no mercado à vista da HTX.Acede simplesmente à tua conta, seleciona o teu par de trading, executa as tuas transações e monitoriza em tempo real.Oferecemos uma experiência de fácil utilização tanto para principiantes como para traders experientes.

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Como comprar ERA

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Bem-vindo à Comunidade HTX. Aqui, pode manter-se informado sobre os mais recentes desenvolvimentos da plataforma e obter acesso a análises profissionais de mercado. As opiniões dos utilizadores sobre o preço de ERA (ERA) são apresentadas abaixo.

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