“股票上链”步入新时代,Galaxy推出首个原生美股代币

Odaily星球日报Publicado em 2025-09-04Última atualização em 2025-09-04

原创 | Odaily 星球日报(@OdailyChina)

作者|Azuma(@azuma_eth)

势头正热的“美股代币化”再次演变出了新的玩法。

昨日晚间,已于纳斯达克上市的加密货币巨头 Galaxy Digital(GLXY)官方宣布,将与已在 SEC 注册的转让代理机构 Superstate(Galaxy Ventures 曾投资过该机构)合作,在 Solana 链上对 GLXY 的 A 类普通股进行代币化。这是历史上第一次,美股上市公司主动在共有区块链上对其股票进行代币化尝试 —— 区别于当前主流的由第三方负责铸造与赎回的“映射式”或“封装式”美股代币化方案,这些链上版 GLXY 并非“封装资产”,而是实际的链上股份,享有与链下股份完全相同的财务和法律权利。

在 Galaxy Digital 看来,股票上链涉及到发行、记录保存、托管、结算、报告、经纪和交易等一系列复杂环节,由于此前缺乏明确的监管规则,少部分试行美股上链的玩家都采用了相对简单的“映射”或“封装”模式,这种旧模式的缺陷在于代币持有人并没有对底层公司股票的实际权利,想要让股票上链真正的实现普及,就必须解决这一问题。

实现机制

Galaxy Digital 给出的解决方案是开发一个清晰的上链流程与架构,能够让将现有的股票真正实现代币化 —— 不是映射,不是封装,而是直接作为真实股份上链。

根据 Galaxy Digital 和 Superstate 的披露,本次合作系基于后者的股票上链平台 Opening Bell 完成,用户可通过该平台将 GLXY 的 A 类普通股一对一转化为代币化股份,具体流程如下:

  • 在 Superstate 完成 KYC 注册(约 10 分钟注册,2 小时验证)。
  • 指示你的券商将股票通过“直接注册系统”(DRS)转移至 Galaxy 的过户代理 Equiniti(约 3 个工作日)。
  • 联系 Equiniti,将股份转移至 Superstate 的“链上可用账户”(约 4 小时处理)。
  • Superstate 按 1:1 铸造 GLXY 代币,继而交付至你的 Solana 钱包。(约 10 分钟)。
  • 自此,你可自由存储、转账或与其他已注册用户进行交易。
  • 若要回到传统形式,可逆向执行上述流程。

Galaxy Digital 解释道,上述流程旨在确保链上 GLXY 与纳斯达克挂牌股票的一一对应关系。任何能够完成 Superstate 合规注册的股东,都可以将手中的 GLXY 股票转换为 Solana 链上的代币化股份,如果你暂时并不持有 GLXY 股票但想要在链上购买代币,只需注册 Superstate 再从现有持有人处购买链上 GLXY 代币即可。

由于 GLXY 的上链尚处于早期,链上流动性暂时不具备充足规模,所以当前的上链流程会相对繁琐,但未来随着链上流动性的逐步累积,大多数用户其实无需亲自参与这一繁琐流程。

此外 Galaxy Digital 还补充表示,由于 DEX 相关的监管规则暂不清晰,因此该公司暂时并不支持这些股票代币在 Solana 上的自动做市商(AMM)或其他完全去中心化交易所机制中进行交易。该公司的计划是,随着美国证券监管机构提供更明确的指导,逐步拓展交易场所,最终使代币化股份能够直接在 AMM 及去中心化交易所上交易 —— 这意味着在更成熟透明的二级市场出现之前,链上版 GLXY 并不保证存在流动性,但在完成 Superstate 合规注册的钱包地址之间仍可进行双边交易

潜在风险

根据 Galaxy Digital 方面的主动披露,链上版 GLXY 可能存在以下三种潜在风险。

一是钱包被盗或遗忘风险。GLXY 代币的持有人可能会失去对其钱包的访问权,如果丢失了密钥,Superstate 可以将代币重新发行到该股东控制的新钱包中 —— 由于 Superstate 会跟踪所有代币化 GLXY 在股东之间的链上流转情况,且所有股东身份都为 Superstate 所知,因此可以销毁无法恢复的代币并重新发行至该股东的新钱包。需要注意的是,GLXY 股票代币在钱包密钥丢失的情况下虽然可复原,但钱包内的其他资产仍无法恢复。

二是代币化 GLXY 与传统 GLXY 股票的价差风险。传统 GLXY 股票的价格可能会与代币化 GLXY 的价格出现偏离,目前链上股票市场尚处于早期阶段,即便未来 AMM 交易被启用,也无法保证代币化 GLXY 会形成或维持流动性充足、有序的市场,这可能导致流动性分散、价格发现受阻、买卖价差扩大,并导致代币化 GLXY 与传统 GLXY 的价格长期背离,尤其是在套利受到操作性或监管约束限制的情况下。推动不同市场之间价差修复的核心方法是建立一个简便的双向兑换桥梁,Galaxy Digital 已经搭建了这一桥梁,允许链上代币与链下股票的一比一交换,然而这一桥梁的使用可能仍需要时间才能常态化,因此套利机制在短期内可能仍会受阻。

三是监管不确定性风险。SEC 仍有可能不允许 Galaxy Digital 以这种方式对普通股进行代币化,虽然 Galaxy Digital 认为这一代币化流程在设计上也足够优雅,能够符合现有证券法规,但不排除 SEC 做出不同结论的可能。如果监管机构认定参与代币化 GLXY 二级市场交易的平台、机制或参与方不符合法律要求,Galaxy Digital 或市场参与者可能会面临执法行动、罚款,或被要求撤销或重组项目的某些部分。若 Galaxy 被要求停止其链上股份计划,Superstate 可以暂停代币合约、召回所有代币化股份,并与链上股东合作,将其转换回传统股份,再交付回传统市场体系。这一过程可能耗时较长,在流程进行中股东可能很难进行交易。

简评与展望

综合来看,Galaxy Digital 与其投资对象 Superstate 合作提出的这一解决方案,核心内容在于提供了一套较其他第三方美股代币化服务商更为清晰的上链流程与结构,且 Galaxy Digital 作为发行主体可明确所发行代币的权利状况,这对于解决传统“封装版”美股代币与真实股票的权利不匹配问题有着一定的积极意义。

Galaxy Digital 方面认为“代币与股票的同权”是实现股票代币化大规模采用的前提,这一点我们十分同意,且倾向于认为 Galaxy Digital 的方案可在发行端解决该问题,但更大的问题却在流通端 —— 当下仅有 Superstate 的注册用户可持有 GLXY 代币;且 GLXY 暂不支持在 DEX 间的交易,仅可在 Superstate 注册用户间双边交易;未来即便支持 DEX,流动性状况如何仍是未知数……与传统证券交易系统可提供的完整体验相比,类似的限制均会阻碍用户向链上迁移。

“同权问题”的解决只能打破用户入场前的心理障碍,但要想真正吸引并留下用户,流动性与体验的持续优化还有许多工作要做。

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