香港稳定币:在加密衰退与数字人民币崛起之间的平衡探索

深潮Publicado em 2025-08-04Última atualização em 2025-08-05

香港稳定币战略,在后加密时代的数字金融秩序中,追求创新与稳定的平衡。

作者:Jeffrey Sze

编译:深潮TechFlow

香港正在成为亚洲的稳定币中心。图源:Jeffrey Sze。

8月1日,香港《稳定币条例》正式生效,标志着香港成为亚洲首个对稳定币实施全面监管及发牌制度的司法管辖区。

香港金融管理局(HKMA)宣布,预计将于2027年初发放首批稳定币牌照,并已开始审查申请人并制定运营框架。

这一迅速且审慎的推进标志着香港在数字金融领域的一场深思熟虑的尝试,力求在创新与稳定之间找到平衡,以构建一个以信任为基础的新金融秩序。

专门构建的监管实验

不同于美国模式——市场常常领先于监管,香港从一开始就将风险控制嵌入体系之中。

该框架要求100%法定货币储备、严格审计、最低2500万港元(约320万美元)的资本要求,以及智能合约安全验证。这使其更接近新加坡《支付服务法》或欧盟《加密资产市场条例》(MiCA)的精神,但愿景更为大胆:成为基于稳定币结算的清算中心。

目前,只有符合严格条件的申请者才有资格申请稳定币牌照。在众多感兴趣的机构中,预计最终仅有三至四家能够获批。这并不难理解:为了确保稳定性和安全性,这场游戏注定属于巨头们。

香港金融管理局总裁余伟文此前强调,“稳定币并非投资或投机工具,而是一种基于区块链技术的支付应用形式,本身不具备资本增值的潜力。”

稳定币与加密货币:从权力耦合到有意识的脱钩

最初,稳定币是加密货币生态中不可或缺的伙伴。

它们缓解了波动性,使交易所和去中心化金融(DeFi)协议能够在价格稳定的基础上运作。然而,这种关系正在发生变化。随着监管介入和金融主权成为焦点,稳定币正被重新定义为独立的金融工具。

稳定币的角色正在从加密货币的辅助工具转变为与法定货币挂钩的金融工具,逐步融入受监管的货币体系和跨境结算。像HKDG(与港元挂钩的稳定币)和CNHC(离岸人民币稳定币)等例子,凸显了政策意图与金融工程交汇下的这一演变。

逻辑很简单:只有在主权监管之下运作并服务于现实经济场景,稳定币才能摆脱其加密货币的起源,成为一种合法的新型货币形式。

支持八达通与移动稳定币应用的数字支付终端。图源:Jeffrey Sze,版权所有,2025年。

稳定币的战场:技术之外的应用场景争夺

如今,美元稳定币占据全球市场份额的90%以上,这并非因为技术更优,而是由于其在全球贸易、链上金融和价格基准中的根深蒂固地位。如果港元或离岸人民币想要站稳脚跟,关键不在于设计精美,而是在于战略部署,例如:

  • HKDG 可以与八达通(公共交通)、电子商务结账系统、票务退款和 B2B 对账进行整合。

  • 离岸人民币稳定币可以为“一带一路”贸易流动、能源支付或东南亚汇款提供支持。

  • 现实世界资产 (RWA) 平台可以与港币/人民币稳定币相结合,提供托管服务和流动性池。

值得注意的是,京东集团的金融科技部门京东科技已在香港注册了两个稳定币品牌——JCOIN和JOYCOIN,这标志着中国企业明确表示将积极进军港币和人民币稳定币领域。

全球战略:链上战场

根据 CoinGecko、SlickCharts 和《金融时报》的数据,截至 2025 年 8 月,全球加密货币市值已超过 4 万亿美元,大致相当于日本的 GDP,其中比特币占比超过 60%。这是一个快速发展、流动性充裕、高频交易的生态系统。

如果港元和人民币稳定币能够成功进入这一领域,它们将不再仅仅被视为法定货币的包装,而是成为链上金融的完整参与者。结合亚洲的时区优势、香港的现实世界资产(RWA)发行平台以及合规的Web3交易所,香港有望打造一个独立于美元主导地位的流动性节点。

2025 年 7 月,上海市国有资产监督管理委员会开始研究稳定币和数字货币政策。京东和蚂蚁集团等大型科技公司已开始积极游说北京探索离岸人民币稳定币模式——这表明监管机构的兴趣日益浓厚。

在这样的背景下,香港既可以成为实验室,也可以成为发射台。

香港中央商务区,亚洲金融基础设施的关键节点。图源:Jeffrey Sze,版权所有,2025年。

香港的双重角色:设计师与清算中心

美元稳定币凭借美国的金融霸权享有全球影响力,但其体系已显现裂缝——从监管分裂到储备透明度不足。香港则押注于另一种模式:主权支持、规则导向、市场驱动的数字货币体系。

目标是绕开央行数字货币(CBDC)的集中化,同时避免类似 Tether 的不透明性。如果成功,香港有望发展为全球稳定币注册中心、数字资产发行者,以及跨境支付的政治中立枢纽。

直到最近,银行还将与区块链相关的事物视为“高风险废料”。然而,在新的监管框架下,稳定币生态系统若要扩展,传统银行的参与将不可或缺。

香港必须调动本地银行的力量——推动账户开设、清算参与、托管服务以及贷款业务,将稳定币架构嵌入传统金融体系中。

“一带一路”跨境集装箱贸易——人民币稳定币的潜在应用。图源:Jeffrey Sze,版权所有,2025年。

连接桥梁,而非终点

如今,稳定币处于国家监管与 Web3 创新的交汇点。它们既不同于央行数字货币(CBDC)的完全国家控制,也不同于加密货币的完全去中心化,而是一种机构化中间件——在政策指导下,通过技术实现并商业化运作。

展望未来,随着 e-HKD 和 e-CNY 推出智能合约、跨链互操作性以及可编程税收等功能,它们可能继承加密世界最实用的特性。我们或许很快将见证首代获得主权批准且原生于链上的货币的诞生。

从这个角度来看,稳定币并非终局,而是过渡的脚手架。随着主权国家逐步拥抱全面数字化的法定货币体系,稳定币可能会被 e-HKD、e-CNY 甚至数字化美元所取代。

但目前,他们就像一座桥梁。这座桥能否稳固,以及它能否引领我们走向值得前行的方向,都取决于香港能否将其监管雄心转化为切实的行动。

Jeffrey Sze 是 Habsburg Asia(部分由 Habsburg 家族拥有)的董事长,同时也是 Archduke United LPF 和 Asia Empower LPF 的普通合伙人。他专注于高端艺术品交易和现实世界资产代币化(RWA-T)业务。2017年,他获得了瑞士加密货币交易所牌照。

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