WSJ:加密公司扎堆申请银行牌照,敲开银行业大门

深潮TechFlowPublicado em 2025-04-22Última atualização em 2025-04-22

Resumo

加密货币正在深度嵌入银行系统。


作者:Gina Heeb & Vicky Ge Huang
编译:深潮TechFlow
在FTX崩溃和两家支持加密货币的银行倒闭后,监管机构对加密货币进行了严厉打击,这促使一些传统金融机构在两年前与该行业分道扬镳。然而,特朗普总统承诺将美国打造成“比特币超级大国”,为加密货币与银行系统的进一步融合铺平了道路。
据知情人士透露,包括Circle和BitGo在内的一批加密货币公司计划申请银行特许或许可证。其他消息人士称,加密货币交易所Coinbase Global和稳定币公司Paxos也在考虑类似的举措。
与此同时,特朗普政府正在推动将加密货币纳入主流金融体系,国会也在推进两项法案,这些法案将为稳定币建立监管框架,稳定币能够让人们轻松进出波动更大的加密货币。立法将要求稳定币发行者获得监管机构的特许或许可证。
一些加密货币公司对全国信托或工业银行特许感兴趣,这将使它们能够更像传统贷款机构一样运作,例如接受存款和发放贷款。其他公司则追求相对狭窄的许可证,以允许它们发行稳定币。
特朗普家族的加密项目“世界自由金融”上月公布计划,推出名为USD1的稳定币。据知情人士透露,该稳定币的储备将由加密托管公司BitGo保障,BitGo正接近提交银行特许申请。
任何获得银行特许的加密货币公司都将受到更严格的监管监督。
截至目前,Anchorage Digital是美国唯一一家拥有联邦银行特许的加密货币公司,该公司表示,为了遵守法规已花费数千万美元。
2022年,一位银行监管机构对Anchorage发布了一项同意令,指出其反洗钱方面的缺陷。
“这并不容易,”Anchorage首席执行官Nathan McCauley说,该公司于2021年获得特许。但他表示,“银行的所有监管和合规义务都可以与加密行业相结合。”


BitGo是计划申请银行牌照的加密公司之一
这家总部位于旧金山的公司今年成为了BlackRock旗下iShares Bitcoin Trust的托管人之一,与Coinbase共同合作。Anchorage还与Cantor Fitzgerald以及加密托管公司Copper合作,为该公司的20亿美元比特币支持贷款计划提供服务。Tether是Cantor的主要客户,而Cantor此前由商务部长Howard Lutnick领导。
稳定币与美元或其他政府发行的货币挂钩,并将储备存放在现金或类似于国债的现金类资产中,以保持一比一的价值比例。Tether是市值最大的稳定币,市值达1450亿美元,而Circle的USD Coin是第二大稳定币,流通中的代币约为610亿美元。
就在几年前,在FTX崩溃后,监管机构对行业进行了打击,主要银行与加密货币公司切断了联系。在Silvergate Capital和Signature Bank倒闭后,许多行业创始人难以找到愿意接受他们存款或向他们贷款的新银行
在特朗普重返白宫后,监管机构取消了要求银行获得批准才能从事加密活动的规定。据知情人士透露,关于银行如何参与加密货币的进一步指导预计将在今年晚些时候发布。
与此同时,一些银行正在努力迎头赶上,并与该行业建立联系。
今年2月,美国银行首席执行官Brian Moynihan表示,如果建立了相关法律框架,该银行将发行自己的稳定币。美国合众银行本月表示,将通过与比特币交易和银行公司NYDIG的合作,重新启动其加密托管服务。
另据知情人士透露,包括德意志银行和渣打银行在内的银行财团已开始研究如何将加密业务扩展到美国。德意志银行的一位发言人拒绝置评。渣打银行未回应置评请求。
一些银行仍然保持谨慎。KeyCorp首席执行官Chris Gorman表示,加密货币可能会越来越多地成为行业的竞争对手,他的银行在该领域看到了潜在机会,但希望先观察其发展。
他指出了加密货币在反洗钱等监管方面的挑战。他表示,银行可以先观察其走向,“但除此之外,这很难追踪。”

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