近 2 亿美元巨额负债,THORChain 会不会暴雷?

链捕手Publicado em 2025-01-24Última atualização em 2025-01-24

Resumo

在这一切完成后,我将提议成立一个经济设计委员会,帮助确保 thorchain 能够成功,具体方法如下:

原文作者:1984 is today,thorchain 核心成员
原文编译:zhouzhou,BlockBeats
以下为原文内容(为便于阅读理解,原内容有所整编):
THORChain 破产,如果发生大额债务赎回或储户与合成资产去杠杆化,TC 无法履行其以比特币和以太坊计价的债务。
验证者决定暂停网络,期间他们将投票决定重组计划。我不会拐弯抹角,假装一切都好,因为事实并非如此。
Thorchain 的负债:

  • 9700 万美元的借贷负债(eth btc)
  • 约 1.02 亿美元的储户和合成资产负债(eth btc)

Thorchain 的资产为 1.07 亿美元的外部流动性注入流动性池。如果出现恐慌,LP 可以随时提取这些资产,或者 rune 持有者也可以将其出售。借贷义务通过铸造 RUNE 并将其出售到流动性池中来满足,这使得设计变得高度反向,情况比看起来还要糟糕。昨天偿还 400 万美元的 RUNE 负债后,协议还欠了几百万 RUNE。
从设计上看,协议是做空比特币和以太坊的。自从我加入这个社区(从 ILP 开始),我就一直在警告隐藏杠杆的危险。自从流媒体交换启动以来,我一直主张去杠杆化,协议只需要更少的资本来填充,因为现在活跃的流动性可以参与填充它们。
我写这篇文章时并不高兴,请不要责怪传话人,我之所以站出来,是因为 Thorchain 已经变得如此复杂,只有少数人能完全理解杠杆特性和流动性是如何相互作用并影响基础资产的。如果不采取行动,这将变成一场逃离竞赛,整个协议的价值将消失。
Thorchain 有两个选择:
1. 让事情继续发展,大约 5-7% 的价值将被少数人先行提取,RUNE 将进入下行螺旋,THORChain 将被摧毁。
2. 违约、破产,抢救有价值的部分,尽量发展它以便偿还债务,同时不影响协议的可行性。
选项 1:最先退出的 7500 万美元的人得到全额偿还,15 亿美元的价值将被抹去。
选项 2:网络的价值得以保留,所有人共同努力将那 2 亿美元的资本恢复。
要使选项 2 成为可能,我们需要以拯救网络并增加其价值为指导原则。这首先从合伙人开始,我稍后会详细说明。我只希望合伙人阅读这篇内容,知道如果这个提案被接受,他们将再次成为优先阶层。
Thorchain 是有价值的,它去年产生了超过 3000 万美元的手续费,目前的运行速度更高,完全有能力从这个困境中走出来。我一直在与那些真正理解 Thorchain 经济设计的少数人一起工作,提出这个方案。Steve 会将其发布在开发者 Discord,他写得比我更好。
目前的提案相当于第 11 章破产保护,Bitfinex 做过类似的事情,最终成功让用户得到了全额赔偿。
生态系统中有两类流动性是交换继续进行所必需的:

  • 首先需要保护的是 LPs。
  • 使用交易账户的套利者不受此次冻结的影响。

Thorchain 过于复杂,必须回归基本原则才能够增长。在那之前,任何聪明的资本都无法购买 RUNE 或 LP,因为风险太大。一个公开的巨额债务会成为清算的诱饵,正如我们在 DEFI 中多次看到的那样。
这是我们认为 thorchain 需要做的,如果它要度过这场危机并在危机过后蓬勃发展:

  • 所有借贷和储户的仓位将永久冻结。
  • 拍摄债务快照(储户的价值,借贷者的 BTC/ETH 债务)。

将所有借贷和储户的债权进行代币化。

  • 创建一个「解除模块」,该模块将自动接收系统收入的 10%。
  • 创建一个由买家决定的拍卖,在该拍卖中,代币化的债权持有者可以随时将他们的债权出售给解除模块中的可用流动性,任何卖方获得该流动性后将烧毁他们的债权。
  • 创建一个二级市场,用于代币化债权的 P2P 交易。
  • 实施一个杀开关并激励 RUNE 池的提取,在一个月内关闭 RUNE 池。
  • 销毁所有 POL 钱包的密钥,从而防止中央规划者进一步干预 POL。

Thorchain 的价值一直被压制,因为它长时间无法被购买。聪明的资本不会参与 LP,一旦他们分析了其复杂性,就发现出了问题。该产品本身不仅在成功运作,甚至在蓬勃发展,每天大约产生 20 万美元的手续费。
如果 Thorchain 要增长并有机会让用户得到全额赔偿,它需要一个全新的开始。任何不可持续的债务负担都必须消除。
CRV 的 Mitch Will 曾经拥有看似相对合理的杠杆,尽管获得了采用,CRV 价格却一路下跌,直到他被清算。我认为我们离 Thorchain 也达成类似的共识已经很近了。
在 Thorchain 的情况下,债务是在协议层面,并且比 CRV 更加反向,因为协议做空比特币,并且在出售未流通的 RUNE。在仪表盘上显示的「抵押物」是由未流通的 RUNE 支持的,而不是流动性。
不仅贷款赎回会机械性地出售 RUNE,而且协议实际上做空了 1.75 亿美元的 BTC/ETH/其他资产。对于借款人来说,这些抵押物已经被兑换为 RUNE,以减少 RUNE 的供应。
在退出时,Thorchain 必须铸造 RUNE 并将其出售为 BTC/ETH 进行偿还。由于自贷款开始以来的价格波动,我们已经面临来自贷款活动的 3000 万个 RUNE 短缺,如果所有赎回都以混乱的方式进行,可能会触发杀开关。那时 RUNE 的价格将跌破 1 美元。储户仍然有 1 亿美元的赎回需求。
这种未来的卖压将进入流动性越来越差的池子。而且随着市场反应的蔓延,我们根本不能冒险让 RUNE 价格崩盘,并无法偿还这些人。
再次强调,Thorchain 的救命稻草是每年超过 3000 万美元的交换手续费和不断增长的收入运行速度,它仍然拥有一个出色的业务,只需要摆脱资产负债表上的有毒债务。ThorFI 需要被视为一个错误,我们需要回归 Thorchain 最初的理念:回归基本原则。
情况仍然可以得到纠正,我们可以在接下来的一周内清理所有问题。如果让市场恐慌蔓延,大家纷纷抛售 RUNE 并赎回资产,那将会导致破产。每一天都至关重要,在这种情况下,一旦市场理解并陷入恐慌,已经为时太晚。
这将起到将 Thorchain 带回基本原则的作用:LPs 和交易账户将为交换提供流动性。没有任何一种情况是每个人都能立即得到全额偿还的。这个方案保留了那些对协议的安全运行至关重要的人,确保协议能够继续安全运作。
所有这些激励的目标是将流动性增长到不理性的水平。流动性池中的流动性需要基于基本原则。它是收益和预期波动性的一个因素。每个池子的交易量与债务/手续费相关,流动性池会自然吸引更多的流动性加入。所有这些激励措施都创造了额外的无常损失,LPs 因此受到了最糟糕的待遇。他们坐在最差的位置。从现在开始,他们将坐在最好的位置。
原始创始团队设计并推动了这些反向杠杆特性的实施,请不要责怪传话人或当前的开发团队,他们正在收拾残局。两位创始人已经不再参与日常运营。
在这一切完成后,我将提议成立一个经济设计委员会,帮助确保 thorchain 能够成功,具体方法如下:

  • 提高资本效率
  • 永远不再在其中构建杠杆特性
  • 确保 Rujira 不会危及 L1 生态系统

我已经有三个人选,他们是 DEFI 领域最聪明的头脑。
我写了一些关于资本效率优化的内容,但我会将这些保留到另一个 ADR 中。这很重要,因为如果我们要将一定比例的收入分配给债务,LPs 仍然需要克服无常损失。我们需要以更少的资源做更多的事情。
这是我和其他开发者参与过的最糟糕的情况,其中一些人都快吐了。如果有任何其他方式,我会建议的。这是生死攸关的局面。我一直反对借贷/储户/ILP/POL。在整个过程中,我曾建议我的委托人投票反对这些,有些人确实投了,但还不够。
如果我学到的唯一教训是,有时提前预见到某个结果时,开始一场内战比站在一旁观望更好。我很抱歉事情发展成这样,过去几天我几乎没怎么睡,知道这场结局是不可避免的。1200 万美元的贷款赎回加速了这一时间表。

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