信息跨链新路径:LayerZero与EigenLayer推出CryptoEconomic DVN框架

Odaily星球日报Publicado em 2024-10-13Última atualização em 2024-10-13

Resumo

LayerZero与EigenLayer合作推出的CryptoEconomic DVN框架,通过结合跨链消息传递和加密经济激励机制,提升了全链的安全性和去中心化水平。该框架采用质押、验证、否决、惩罚四个关键机制,确保验证者的行为受到约束,同时为质押代币提供增长机会。这一创新解决方案为跨链通信引入了更高的安全保障,增强了区块链网络之间的互操作性,并为全链生态提供了更稳定的基础设施。

原文作者:YBB Capital Researcher Ac-Core

信息跨链新路径:LayerZero与EigenLayer推出CryptoEconomic DVN框架

TL;DR

  • 加密经济去中心化验证网络(CryptoEconomic DVN Framework) 框架是结合了 LayerZero 的跨链消息传递与 EigenLayer 的经济安全和激励;

  • DVN 框架通过结构化流程运行,主要流程分为三个阶段:验证、否决和惩罚;

  • LayerZero 选择与 EigenLayer 合作,进一步加深其 DVN 的去中心化,在接受 ETH、ZRO 和 EIGEN 作为抵押资产的同时也为双方代币带来新的增长飞轮;

  • CryptoEconomic DVN Framework 未来或将有助于提升全链安全性。

一、了解叙事背景:EigenLayer 与 LayerZero 的迭代升级

信息跨链新路径:LayerZero与EigenLayer推出CryptoEconomic DVN框架

图源:LayerZero Official

据 2024 年 10 月 2 日快讯,LayerZero Labs 与 Eigen Labs 合作推出了加密经济去中心化验证网络 (DVN) 框架,旨在为全链消息传递提供加密经济安全。在此框架下,开发者不仅可以在 EigenLayer 上部署自己的 DVN,还能够通过引入激励机制,增强跨链消息传递的安全性和可靠性。

一句话快速总结,CoyptoEconomicDVN 框架是结合了 LayerZero 的跨链安全机制与 EigenLayer 再质押加密经的的双重保障。其核心目的是利用 EigenLayer 的加密经济模型,为去中心化验证网络(DVN)提供更高的安全性和激励。

1.1  环节一:CryptoEconomic DVN 的跨链机制铺垫 LayerZero V2

LayerZero 不仅是资产跨链更是一个无需信任的跨链通讯协议,通过中继器和预言机将终极的置信环节分离,即通过超级轻节点机制来实现消息跨链。

LayerZero V2 架构的核心设计可分为三类:协议、标准和基础架构。

1. 协议(Protocol)

LayerZero 的协议部分在所有支持的区块链上保持一致,并具有不可更改和无需许可的特性,确保了抗审查性和长期稳定性。这一部分由两个主要组件构成:

  • Endpoints(端点):这些是每条区块链上不可更改、不可升级的智能合约,是 LayerZero 协议的核心。端点提供了标准化的接口,供应用管理安全配置及跨链发送/接收消息。由于端点的不可变性,它们一旦部署,任何实体都不能修改它们;

  • MessageLibs(消息库):消息库与端点相连,负责处理跨链消息的验证和通信。每个消息库的更新是追加性质的,不会替代旧版本,这样即使协议需要升级,开发者依然可以选择使用旧的消息库,确保向后兼容性。这类似于区块链上不同版本的智能合约,用户可以根据需要选择不同的版本来使用。

信息跨链新路径:LayerZero与EigenLayer推出CryptoEconomic DVN框架

图源:LayerZero 端点描述

2. 标准(Standards)

LayerZero 提供的标准使得开发者可以构建在多条区块链上运行一致的应用和代币,实现跨链的“统一语义”,即应用或代币在不同区块链上具有相同的行为表现。这些标准有助于简化开发过程,确保跨链应用的一致性和可扩展性。

  • 合约标准(Contract Standards):LayerZero 提供了诸如 OApp(Omnichain 应用)和 OFT(Omnichain 代币)等标准,这些标准扩展了现有的智能合约标准(例如 OFT 是对 ERC-20 标准的扩展),从而使开发者能够快速创建可以在所有 LayerZero 支持的区块链上运行的应用和代币;

  • 消息包格式(Message Packets):用于在区块链之间传递数据和命令。消息包包含防止重放攻击和错误路由的元素(如 Nonce、源/目标链 ID、唯一标识符),并包含实际要在目标链上执行的命令或数据的负载。该消息格式能够适应各种区块链环境(包括 EVM 和非 EVM 链,公链和私链),保证跨链信息传递的准确性和安全性;

  • 设计模式(Design Patterns):LayerZero 提供了一系列设计模式(如 AB、ABA、组合 AB ),这些模式为开发者提供了跨链应用的基本构建块,简化了开发复杂跨链交互的过程。这些模式可以帮助开发者创建更简洁高效的用户体验,例如在一个交易中完成代币的跨链桥接和交换。

信息跨链新路径:LayerZero与EigenLayer推出CryptoEconomic DVN框架

图源:组合式 ABA 设计模式

3. 基础设施(Infrastructure)

LayerZero 的基础设施层具有完全的权限开放性和模块化,任何实体都可以加入 LayerZero 网络来验证和执行交易。该设计使应用能够根据需求选择不同的验证和执行方式,以达到安全性、成本、速度等方面的最优平衡。

  • 去中心化验证网络(DVNs):这些网络验证跨链消息,任何能够验证跨链数据包的实体都可以作为 DVN 加入 LayerZero。这种去中心化的设计允许应用选择合适的验证者组合,避免被锁定在某个单一的验证者网络中。目前已有 15+ 个 DVN 参与 LayerZero,包括由 Google Cloud 和 Polyhedra 提供的 zkLight 客户端;

  • 执行者(Executors):任何实体都可以运行执行者,负责确保跨链消息在目标链上的顺利执行。执行者简化了用户体验,允许用户只在源链上支付燃气费,而不必在目标链上额外操作。应用可以根据需求选择一个或多个执行者,甚至可以自建执行者或选择手动执行跨链消息;

  • 安全堆栈(Security Stack):每个应用可以根据其需求配置独特的安全堆栈,包括选择 DVNs、执行者及其他安全偏好。安全堆栈允许应用选择验证跨链消息的方式,并在必要时进行调整,从而提供了高度定制化的安全方案,避免了锁定在单一的安全模型中。

为更好地理解 CryptoEconomic DVN Framework,这里补充 LayerZero V2 DVN 相关内容:

去中心化验证网络(DVNs),用于验证在不同区块链网络间传输的消息。每个基于 LayerZero 构建的应用程序都可以通过选择 DVNs 来定制其安全堆栈。关键点在于: 1.DVNs:这些实体负责验证跨链消息,确保其安全性和完整性。开发者可以根据需要配置使用哪些 DVNs,并设定可选的验证阈值。2.开放性:任何人都可以创建或开发 DVN,这提供了多种验证方式的选择。DVNs 可以包含验证者、签名者,或者采用诸如零知识证明(ZKP)和中间链等先进技术。3.可定制的安全性:应用程序可以根据其安全需求选择不同的 DVNs,与其他协议的一刀切模式不同,这种灵活性使得应用能够根据需要调整安全设置,降低成本和风险。4.DVN 组合:通过“X of Y of N”配置,应用可以选择多个 DVNs 来验证消息。例如,一个“ 1 of 3 of 5 ”的配置意味着需要一个特定的 DVN 和另外两个从五个 DVNs 中选出的其他验证者。

信息跨链新路径:LayerZero与EigenLayer推出CryptoEconomic DVN框架

图源:DVN 在V2架构中的位置

1.2 环节二:CryptoEconomic DVN 的加密经济保障 EigenLayer

EigenLayer 由一系列智能合约组成,允许用户选择“再次质押”他们的 ETH 或流动性质押代币(LST),以在以太坊生态系统中引导新的权益证明(PoS)网络和服务,获取额外的质押收益 / 回报,并为其他模块化组件及区块链网络提供安全性和去中心化属性。简单来讲其本质即为售卖以太坊的安全性。EigenLayer 剖析来讲创建了原生再质押、LRT、AVS、超大规模 Rollups、可承诺应用程序五个类别。

1. 原生再质押

能够同时输入多个承诺进行验证,衡量每个承诺消耗的加密经济带宽,并确保所有承诺均具有偿付能力。本质是以太坊的“安全性的弹性扩展”(ES 2)如满足每个 AVS 的条件,它们都可以是安全的;

2. 流动性再质押

LRT 是一种机制,流动性再质押代币 (LRTs) 类似于以太坊上的流动性质押代币 (LSD),是存放在 EigenLayer 上的资产的代币化表示形式,从而解锁了原本被锁定的流动性;

3. AVS 经济

EienLayer 的核心,可以构建的去中心化系统的集合,将技术与一定程度的去中心化信任架构配对的能力。以 AVS 为核心的路线图确保无需许可的去中心化服务能够集成,以构建任意应用程序,并在 Eigenlayer 上创建不同类别和定制化的 AVS;

4. 大规模 Rollups

大部分加密应用开发仍受区块空间限制。没有相应的云空间概念,它会根据需求进行扩展。

例如 EigenDA 则是一种无限扩展带宽的机制,并提出了各种以前不可能实现的新用例:将云转换为加密;

5. 具有可信赖的应用程序

Eigenlayer 的建立是为了提高最大化承诺的数量、EIgenLayer + Ethereum 提供了以太坊级的多样性和可验证性承诺。好比: 1.通过 EigenDA 来最大化增加效应;2.通过 Eigenlayer AVS 中的开放式创新实现多样性;3.将链下可验证性引入链上的机制来实现可验证性计算。

二、代币经济赋能,LayerZero x EigenLayer 双合作,可将 ZRO 和 EIGEN 作为抵押资产

信息跨链新路径:LayerZero与EigenLayer推出CryptoEconomic DVN框架

图源:解释质押、验证、否决和惩罚的过程

长话短说,CryptoEconomic 分布式验证网络(DVNs)通过以下三个关键方式提升了跨链安全性:

  • 加密经济安全:DVNs 引入了惩罚机制(Slashing),当 DVN 出现恶意行为或错误时,其质押的资产会被惩罚。这种经济模式确保 DVN 有足够的经济动机去保持正确行为,因为不当行为将导致显著的经济损失,从而促进其责任感和安全性;

  • AVS 定义的安全性:每个主动验证服务(AVS)定义了可以质押的资产类型及其惩罚条件。这种灵活性允许不同类型的 DVN(例如基于 ZKP、Middlechain 或权威证明的 DVN)通过额外的质押担保来增强其安全性,进一步提高了对恶意行为的经济威慑力;

  • 无许可的安全性:任何人都可以通过质押资产为 DVN 的安全性做贡献,这使系统更加开放、参与度更高。DVNs 可以选择任何资产(如 ZRO、ETH、EIGEN )来支持其网络,拓宽了安全选项并增强了去中心化。

CryptoEconomic DVN 框架是一个开源系统,工作原理旨在通过与代币绑定的经济激励机制增强去中心化验证网络(DVN)的安全性,整体依赖 LayerZero 的 DVN 验证消息并增加了额外的安全层。具体通过四个关键机制来保护 LayerZero 的跨链消息传递:质押、验证、否决和惩罚。

  • 质押:验证者(质押者)将 ZRO、EIGEN 或 ETH 等代币锁定在 DVN 的活动验证集(AVS)中作为抵押品。质押资金促使验证者诚实行事,因为如果他们行为不当,抵押的资产可能会被惩罚(削减);

  • 验证:用户或应用程序可以触发一个跨链的往返消息(以太坊 → 源链 → 目标链 → 以太坊),以验证 DVN 记录的哈希值与链上记录的哈希值是否匹配。如果匹配,流程就结束;

  • 否决:如果发现不匹配,则启动否决流程,允许代币持有者投票决定是否惩罚(削减)DVN 的质押。这一步防止由于区块链重组等非恶意错误导致的错误削减,因为重组可能导致数据包不匹配,但 DVN 可能实际上是诚实的;

  • 惩罚:如果否决未能通过,确认 DVN 存在恶意行为或验证错误,那么 DVN 质押的资产将被削减。

该框架分为三个阶段:

  • 阶段 1 :验证 – 消息在多个链上验证,使用独立的 DVN 以确保公正性;

  • 阶段 2 :否决 – 如果发现差异,将触发否决合约,持币者投票决定是否削减 DVN 的质押;

  • 阶段 3 :惩罚 – 如果否决失败,DVN 的质押资产将因恶意行为或错误验证而被削减。

三、对 CryptoEconomic DVN Framework 的看法

信息跨链新路径:LayerZero与EigenLayer推出CryptoEconomic DVN框架

如今的以太坊基础设施趋于完善,多链格局已成定局,不同链间的通信安全问题依然是一个不容忽视的挑战。CryptoEconomic DVN Framework 的主要创新点在于通过 AVS 为 DVN 提供了核心组件,定义了质押资产和惩罚机制。在长期看来,或将有助于全链安全性的提升,但带来的不确定影响也是行业内普遍存在的问题,如何在安全性与灵活性之间找到平衡是未来需要解决的问题。

毋庸置疑,CryptoEconomic DVN Framework 是 LayerZero Labs 与 Eigen Labs 的一次双向赋能合作。从技术角度看,它通过质押、惩罚机制、验证和否决机制来提供保障;但从经济效益角度分析,这背后依然是 PoS 质押收益的一次“套娃”操作。

LayerZero 选择与 EigenLayer 合作,进一步加深其 DVN 的去中心化,在接受 ETH、ZRO 和 EIGEN 作为抵押资产的同时也为双方代币带来新的增长飞轮。LayerZero 提供技术,EigenLayer 提供资金,双方的合作让验证者受到奖励,并在这套经济系统中鼓励诚信行为。

参考文章:
(1)LayerZero V2 Deep Dive

(2)LayerZero x EigenLayer: The CryptoEconomic DVN Framework

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