双高人士、境外所得或将成个税核查重点

深潮Publicado em 2024-09-09Última atualização em 2024-09-09

本文针对此类涉税风险进行解读,帮助您依法完成纳税申报,履行纳税义务。

撰文:TaxDAO

「【中国税务】尊敬的纳税人,您好!为进一步帮助您依法履行纳税义务,避免出现涉税风险,请您结合自身情况,对 2023 年度全部收入和纳税申报情况进行梳理,核对申报的收入类型、收入金额、费用扣除、减免事项等内容是否真实、准确、完整。为帮助您尽快消除风险,XX 市税务局个税专班近期将会与您联系,请您注意接听电话。联系电话:XXX。【国家税务总局 XX 市税务局】」

近期部分投资加密资产的人士陆续接收到了税务局发送的税务风险提醒短信。在本文中,TaxDAO 研究团队针对此类涉税风险进行解读,帮助您依法完成纳税申报,履行纳税义务。

1.核查背景

根据中国国家税务总局《纳税人分级分类管理办法》第十一条的规定,自然人可以按照收入和资产分为高收入、高净值自然人(简称「双高人士」)和一般自然人。随着经济的发展,中国双高人士的数量不断增加,境外所得在个人所得中的比重也逐渐增长。与此同时,中国各地税务机关愈发重视对双高人士、境外个人所得的税收征管工作,各地区均有相应的税收征管案例。近期,全国各个主要城市的税务机关将以个税专班的形式核查双高人士和有境外个人所得的自然人的税务申报情况,文首的短信所反映的正是这一动态。

2.核查特点解读

本次税务核查有两大特点。第一个特点是核查对象明确,精准定位为双高人士和有境外所得的自然人。这两类人士收入较高、来源渠道丰富,个人资产种类多样,涉税事项较多,纳税申报可能存在疏漏。更重要的是,这两类人士一般会进行税务筹划,但是一些税务筹划本身就具有合规风险。例如,在关联交易中低价转让股权,或者以阴阳合同形式转让股权;又如,「董监高」可能会转换收入形式,避免适用较高层级的个人所得税率;再如,利用离岸公司、账户收入递延纳税,以及利用外籍身份避税,这些行为均存在相应风险。

第二个特点是核查力度较大,成立个税专班来实施税务核查。所谓专班,是指为了完成某项特定任务或项目,由不同部门或单位抽调人员组成的临时性工作小组。专班制度的主要作用在于集中力量解决临时任务。尽管个税专班不是一个常态化、正式性组织,但是各地个税专班的成立却表明了中国国家税务总局对这一工作的重视:集中资源、高效灵活地开展对双高人士和有境外所得的自然人的税务核查工作。

3.个人如何防控税务合规风险

个税专班的成立与相关核查工作的开展,对双高人士和有境外所得的人士提出了更高的个税合规要求,境外所得的税务合规性更是可能成为核查的重中之重。TaxDAO 团队建议,双高人士和有境外所得的自然人从以下几个方面避免税务合规风险:

第一,税务筹划应与经济实质匹配。不能超越税法的合理限度、违背税法规定实施偷逃税款行为。

第二,定期进行税务合规自查。双高人士和有境外所得的自然人出于收入来源复杂等原因,可能无法及时、全面地发现自己在税务合规方面的疏漏与风险。此时就需要安排内部相关人员负责或者聘请税务专业人士介入,自查自纠涉税事项,第一时间发现并解决税务合规隐患。

第三,在税务和法律专业人士的帮助下,妥善应对税务稽查、相关行政和刑事处罚。税务稽查、行政与刑事处罚的专业性较强,缺少专业人士的帮助可能会使自身蒙受巨大损失。在程序方面,应当根据税收征管法、行政和刑事诉讼法等的规定,通过复议、诉讼等法律程序保障自身合法权益;在实体方面,应当从纳税争议的核心问题出发,作不处罚、从轻处罚辩解与辩护,将合规问题带来的损失最小化。

第四,有境外所得的自然人应当特别关注《关于境外所得有关个人所得税政策的公告》(财政部 税务总局公告 2020 年第 3 号)( 以下简称「3 号公告」)。在 3 号公告的背景下,移民海外但是尚未注销中国户籍、虽然没有中国户籍但是长期在中国境内工作和生活的人士等,都需要审慎处理境内外所得的税务申报问题。

总体来看,与其他中国公民一样,双高人士和有境外所得的人士必须严格遵循中国的相关法律法规,依法履行纳税义务。

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