SignalPlus宏观分析特别版: On the Precipice?

链捕手Publicado em 2024-09-09Última atualização em 2024-09-09

上周令人失望的非农就业数据再次引发了市场对经济衰退即将到来的担忧,且市场越来越认为美联储落后于收益率曲线,导致美国股市遭遇了 2023 年 3 月以来最糟糕的单周表现,而收益率则收于今年最低水平附近。

非农就业人口仅增加 14.2 万(预期为 16 万),前值也被下修 8.9 万,失业率则维持在约 4.22%。疲软的数据使得三个月平均新增就业数落至 10 万以下,这是自 2012 年以来最弱的季度走势。忽然之间,私部门的增长速度正往 10 多年来的最低点回落,经济衰退似乎比以往任何时候都更加迫在眉睫。

资产价格的反应一如预期,美债出现牛陡走势,2 年期收益率一度下跌 12 个基点,而 2/10s 曲线走陡了 6 个基点,终于反转至正值领域。然而,美联储理事 Waller 表达出的立场意外“平衡”,不明确表态 9 月份降息 25 或 50 个基点,这导致固定收益市场回吐了部分涨幅。

*WALLER: 如果合适,将支持提前降息

*FED’S WALLER: 当前这批数据“需要我们采取行动”

*WALLER: 在下次美联储会议开始降息很重要

面对疲弱的数据,经验丰富的宏观观察家肯定会建议不要煽动恐慌或是反应过度,如果官员在现阶段过度干预,任何降息带来的流动性好处都会很快地被经济严重衰退的担忧所抵消,因此,Waller 在非农就业报告后做出谨慎的回应后,财政部长 Yellen 随即表态,明确表示美国经济仍然“稳健”,并朝著“软著陆”方向前进。

Yellen 在 Austin 的 Texas Tribune Festival 上表示:“我们在招聘和职位空缺方面看到热度消退,但我们没有看到显著的裁员情况。”“我们对就业市场的下行风险保持警惕,但我认为我们现在看到的、并希望继续看到的,是良好且稳健的经济情况”。

债券市场极具前瞻性,在 Waller 和 Yellen 的发言后,利率期货迅速将 9 月 FOMC 会议降息预期下调至 25 个基点,但由于美国经济加速放缓,价格反映 11 月和 12 月会议都降息 50 个基点的可能性达到 80% 左右。

一如预期,这些对于股票和风险资产来说都是坏消息。Nasdaq 指数下跌 3%,SPX 指数下跌 2%,创下 2023 年以来最差的单周表现,而随著宏观资产全面下跌,VIX 指数已反弹至 25。

在当前股市下跌之际,美国散户和专业基金经理人的美股持仓都处于高位,《华尔街日报》报导称,美国家庭现在已经将超过 40% 的财富分配到金融资产,创下历史新高,而多头资产管理公司即使在 8 月的回调后,仍坚定做多 SPX 指数。

经济放缓、创纪录的多头持仓、以及 9月通常表现较差的股市季节性因素混合在一起,我们不得不对市场在短期内的表现持谨慎的看法。

正如我们先前所提的,对于加密货币市场而言,非农就业数据的结果必须近乎完美才可能带动市场上行,然而,最终结果相当糟糕,风险情绪的转变拖累 BTC 下跌至 54K 美元左右,ETH 跌至 2.2K 美元,上周再次下跌约 6%,延续了近期的不佳表现。

ETF 的资金流量仍令人失望,BTC ETF 上周五流出 1.7 亿美元,连续 8 天流出,ETH ETF 当天也流出 600 万美元,自 7 月推出以来,累计流量一直在急剧下降,且目前没有明显的好转迹象。

此外,隐含和实际波动率的上升削弱了加密货币当前的风险回报表现,且其缺乏风险分散的特性(与 SPX 高度相关),难以带动资金流入。

Glassnode 的链上分析也描绘了类似的情况,下行压力不断增加,未实现亏损持续累积。不出所料,相对于资产管理者的多头仓位,对冲基金正在建立 BTC 和 ETH 的空头仓位,预计随著 BTC 接近 5 万美元,加密货币市场情绪将继续受到挑战,清算压力将大幅上升。

鉴于未来缺乏正面的催化剂,预计未来一周风险敞口将进一步缩减。本周的重点将是周二的美国大选辩论,以及密集的通胀数据(包括美国和中国)和全球央行谈话(欧洲央行决议,澳洲央行和日本央行谈话)。我们对风险敞口持谨慎态度,预计本周股市仍可能会保持疲软,并持续到 FOMC 会议。

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