Bitwise 首席投资官谈市场崩溃:下一步要关注什么?

深潮Publicado em 2024-08-06Última atualização em 2024-08-06

从历史上看,每当我们看到这种全球经济恐慌时,加密货币最初都会下跌,但在接下来的一年里会上涨。

撰文:Matt Hougan,Bitwise 首席投资官

编译:Luffy,Foresight News

本周末,加密货币市场出现大幅抛售。从上周五下午 4 点到周一早上 7 点,比特币下跌了近 20%,从 63,356 美元跌至 51,026 美元。以太坊表现更差,从 3,307 美元跌至 2,234 美元,跌幅超过 30%(注:作者所在美国时区比北京时间晚 12 小时)。截止目前,加密货币市场出现一定程度的反弹。

当然,加密货币并不是唯一暴跌的市场。

全球资本市场因经济衰退和地缘政治担忧加剧而动荡不安。在日本,日经指数刚刚经历了自 1987 年以来最糟糕的一天,跌幅超过 12%。在美国,纳斯达克期货下跌超过 4%,VIX 波动率指数自上周五以来上涨了 100%。

如果你和大多数加密货币投资者一样,你会经历剧烈的情绪波动,恐惧或绝望。对许多人来说,最令人震惊的情绪是愤怒。

「加密货币不是能够对冲全球不确定性吗?到底怎么回事?」

我也有同样的感受。但根据我六年多全职管理加密货币资金的经历,有一件事我感受更深,那就是机会。

新冠疫情引发抛售带来的教训

上一次市场类似的崩溃是在 2020 年 3 月 12 日。那一天,全世界都意识到了新冠疫情将产生重大影响。

以防万一你忘记了,让我提醒你一下:那是一片混乱。

3 月 12 日,道琼斯工业指数下跌 2,353 点,创下 1987 年以来的最大单日跌幅。科技股和大宗商品均大幅下跌。我们都以为全球经济即将终结。第二天早上,总统宣布全国进入紧急状态。

在所有资产中,比特币跌幅最大,从 7,911 美元跌至 4,971 美元,跌幅达 37%。这是一次惊心动魄跳水,24 小时内抹去了一年的收益。

当时的感觉是,我们可能就此完蛋了。媒体声称比特币作为对冲资产的考验失败了。

然后发生了一件了不起的事情。随着全球领导人采取措施稳定经济(降低利率、印钞),比特币开始上涨。一年后,比特币交易价格达到 57,332 美元,涨幅超过 1,000%。

回想起来,2020 年 3 月 12 日并不是一个值得恐慌的日子。这是十年来购买比特币的最佳时机。

事后看来,原因很容易理解。比特币并没有因为新冠疫情而发生根本性变化。3 月 11 日和 3 月 12 日,比特币的最大数量(2100 万)相同。3 月 11 日,你不需要依赖任何银行、政府或公司将财富存储在比特币中,3 月 12 日也是如此。

与此同时,新冠疫情也为比特币的长期上涨增添了更多理由。它表明,各国央行一有麻烦就会出手拯救经济。它证明了中心化机构的局限性。它提醒我们,未来将更加网络化和数字化。

这些变化都表明比特币的重要性将不断提升,而不是降低。从长远来看,事实也确实如此。

今天我看到了同样的情景。

此次市场崩溃的原因

我不想花太多时间回顾导致当前市场回调的原因。简而言之:周五美国公布的疲软经济数据引发了人们对全球经济放缓的担忧。这在亚洲引发了恐慌,日元套利交易(一种旨在利用货币间利差的策略)的迅速平仓导致日本股市大幅下跌。另外,对中东地缘政治风险的担忧也在加剧,伊朗威胁要袭击以色列。

这些事件恰好与加密货币市场特殊的负面进展重叠,一家大型做市商(Jump Trading)陷入困境,大量仓位被强制清算。

所有这一切都发生在一个流动性较低的夏季周末,进一步加剧了下跌。

但请注意接下来会发生什么:我们将要看到新冠疫情剧本的重演。

联邦基金期货市场已经将激进的应对措施纳入定价。一周前,美联储主席 Jerome Powell 还在淡化今年降息的必要性,市场预计美联储 9 月会议降息 50 个基点的可能性仅为 11%。如今,市场将这一可能性提高到了 98%。一些人甚至呼吁在 9 月会议前「紧急降息」。

2024 年 9 月 18 日美联储会议目标利率概率。来源:CME Fedwatch。数据截至 2024 年 8 月 5 日。

那么,印钞机真的会来吗?如果历史可以借鉴的话,答案是肯定的。新冠疫情期间就发生过,2010 年欧元危机后也发生过,2008 年也发生过。如果本周末发生的事件导致真正的经济动荡,那么这种情况还会再次发生。

未来需要关注什么

从短期来看,关键问题是加密货币市场是否已经触底。加密货币市场的大幅回调可能会自我循环,形成一个下行周期。这是因为,随着价格下跌,杠杆交易者面临追加保证金的要求,并被迫抛售。我们已经看到超过 10 亿美元的期货清算,目前还不清楚我们是否已经触底。

另外,需要关注加密生态系统中公司的健康状况。正如我们在 2021 年危机中所看到的那样,非常剧烈的波动可能会击垮资产负债表杠杆过高的公司。已经有传言称至少有一家做市商(Jump Trading)面临挑战,如果出现传播,可能会延长下跌趋势。

我还会关注 ETF 的资金流情况,看看 ETF 投资者是否会趁此回调抛售或买入更多。这三个因素将在很大程度上决定我们短期内的走向。

但我真正的建议是忽略短期因素,将目光投向远方。比特币是一种波动性资产,涨跌幅度大。一直以来都是如此,而且这种情况还会持续。当前的时刻再次证明,把握市场时机是愚蠢的。

将交易台心态带入加密货币领域是错的。你投资的是全球货币运作方式的一次千载难逢的变革。抵制关注日内价格的冲动,而是关注比特币明年、五年和十年后可能达到的水平。

当你在华尔街找到第一份工作时,他们会告诉你,金融业最昂贵的四个字是「这次不一样」。

从历史上看,每当我们看到这种全球经济恐慌时,加密货币最初都会下跌,但在接下来的一年里会上涨。也许这一次真的不一样,但我不敢打赌。事实上,我打赌剧本还会重演。

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