做市商视角下的“85”急跌:Jump或许只是“背锅侠”

Odaily星球日报Publicado em 2024-08-06Última atualização em 2024-08-06

Resumo

牛市回归或在明年年初,加密资产作为高风险资产通常会在降息后半段开始发力。

原创 | Odaily星球日报(@OdailyChina

作者 | 夫如何(@vincent 31515173 

做市商视角下的“85”急跌:Jump或许只是“背锅侠”

昨日,受日本央行加息和美联储降息预期影响,加密市场乃至全球金融市场极速下行,加密市场的跌幅尤其严重,其中以以太坊为首的山寨币跌幅超 20% 。

做市商机构 Jump 大量抛售山寨币进一步引发加密市场恐慌,BitMEX 联创 Arthur Hayes 发文称某个“大家伙”被处置并在出售所有加密资产,而社区普遍猜测其所指的“大家伙”指的正是 Jump。

但事实真是如此吗?做市商机构 Jump 是否将手中项目方做市的币出售,以及本轮行情下跌的真正原因在哪?

Odaily星球日报为此采访做市商群体,试图从他们的视角侧面了解 Jump“卖币”以及行情下行的背后原因、做市场的常规操作逻辑以及牛市何时回归

宏观因素占主导,Jump 的持仓变动不足以影响市场

Odaily星球日报:本轮行情暴跌挺严重的,你能更具体地从宏观角度或加密市场的角度来分析一下原因吗?

SSS(匿名):从宏观层面来看,主要是日元汇率增值,日本央行加息,日元汇率攀升至 150 左右,现在是 140 多,刺破了亚太股票市场造成了一定的恐慌,美元资产也受到一定影响,从上周的盘面也可以看出来,恐慌情绪在上周全球市场已经有所蔓延。另一个重要原因是估值修复,美股目前处于高估值阶段,加密市场与美股的相关性很强,而且波动性更高,所以美股回调,加密市场很难保持独善其身。

Odaily星球日报追问:加密市场的暴跌需要一个诱因吗?诱因是 Jump 卖币吗?

SSS:本质上主要是宏观层面的因素。目前加密货币与宏观市场调控和流动性的相关性更强。虽然目前市场上关注 Jump 的链上资产的移动,但这不是主要影响行情的大幅度变化。比如 2022 年三箭资本的暴雷,虽然这是加密市场进入熊市的一个标志,但它并不是熊市触发的诱因。大型机构的行为只是市场用来解释行情转变的一个说明,本质上机构的持仓不足以影响整个市场的长期走向。

并且每一个对冲和量化基金都有套利和对冲的策略,但由于加密市场的特殊性,有一部分的对冲策略是在中心化交易所中进行的,链上可能存在很少的一部分,并且大都只是转入转出的交易动向,所以市场其实很片面的把单个信息总结处理成本次下跌的核心原因,那本质上其实还是跟宏观层面关系更大。

Odaily星球日报追问:作为做市商资深从业者,你认为 Jump 链上转移资产或者换成稳定币的行为,其中加密资产是自有持仓,还是用来项目做市的代币呢?

SSS:我更倾向于认为 Jump 的资金动向是自有持仓,原因有两点:首先,做市资金不会被用于质押。Jump 地址动向中都是从质押中取出资金,表明这些资金并非是用于做市的资产而是自有持仓。做市资金会存放在链上的钱包并接受多方监控,或在交易所开设的做市账户中,这些账户也会受到项目方和交易所的实时监控。

其次,近期大盘的调整导致对冲基金或量化基金的仓位调整,通常包括调仓、对冲和清仓操作,这是正常现象。市场上关注链上资金动向,而交易所内部的行为却难以观察,导致信息不完全。链上和交易所之间通常存在对冲行为,仅观察单边信息是不完整的。

当前,我们只能关注链上的动向,当看到以太坊等被转移到交易所时,可能会误以为是在砸盘。但实际上,这更可能是为了对冲,尽管其中也可能包含部分卖出的成分。但链上和交易所的资金动向都应综合考虑,以获得更全面的信息。

未来行情预期: 2025 年上半年牛市回归

Odaily星球日报:你怎么看待近期美联储降息前加密市场的调整?如果美联储在 9 月份降息,您预计加密市场的牛市会在什么时候回来?

SSS:历史上看,市场通常会在降息前调整。像 08 年的周期一样,市场一般都会在降息前有一个大幅调整。本质上,这次加密市场的暴跌反映了对未来预期的调整。交易实际上是对预期的反应,因此在降息预期落地之前,市场会提前进行调整。这次全球资产的大幅调整可能会倒逼美联储提前降息。如果美联储降息,市场上的资金量会增加,投资者和机构会寻找更优质的标的进行投资,这说明加密市场在与传统金融市场如股市等相比,吸引力并没有那么大。

一般来说,在这轮下跌潮中,全球大类资产都在调整,包括黄金,这反映了市场对短期整体预期的极度悲观情绪。加密货币的调整幅度往往远大于很多股票市场,包括美股,这表明加密市场目前在大类资产中仍被视为风险资产。风险资产通常会在降息的中后段,由流动性溢出带来爆发性的牛市。因此,风险资产的表现阶段一般是在降息的中后段。当前加密市场的表现也反映出这一趋势,需要等到流动性溢出时才有可能迎来爆发性的增长。

乐观一点的话,牛市回归可能在明年年初,即 2025 年第一季度;中性一点的话,可能在明年中期。降息落地需要一定过程,风险资产的表现阶段是在降息的中后段,所以全面牛市应该会在 25 年上半年来临。

Odaily星球日报:在这种行情下,你们公司的投资策略是怎样的?

SSS:当前的策略主要有两个方面:时间和价格。在时间方面,当前的市场行情与 2020 年 3 月的情况相似,当时全球资产普遍下跌,比特币也经历了经典的 3.12 事件。本轮加密市场暴跌的核心原因是日元和美元汇率变化,关键在于美联储近期的反应,是否会像 2020 年 3 月那样提前降息甚至快速降息。

在价格方面,我们遵循“熊市不言底,牛市不言顶”的原则,因此难以给出明确的价格区间。然而,从交易特征上看,如果市场进一步非理性下跌,导致底部筹码快速换手,那么该区域大概可以认为是底部区域。然而,抄底操作难度极大,因为急跌通常只有反弹而不会反转,底部过程会有震荡磨底和筹码确认的过程。因此,我们不会预判价格点位,而是通过交易行为特征大致判断底部区域,开始清仓操作并做好对冲。

在当前行情阶段, 7 月份比特币反弹时,我们在其未突破新高时已采取了一些对冲策略。因此,这次回撤中,我们的空仓收益率大于多头仓位的损失。总体来看,关键在于美联储的时间节点和市场飞顶下跌的筹码交换情况。

关于筹码交换,我们主要关注交易量。当交易量显著高于过去,不论是 4 小时、一小时还是天级别的交易量都持续几天显著增加时,这个区域大概就是底部区域。在这种情况下,交易量明显成倍于过去的平均交易量,是判断市场反弹和底部的重要指标。

Odaily星球日报:最后你认为在今年剩下的时间里,还有哪些投资机会?

SSS:我认为有两个方向:MEME Coin 和 AI 板块。MEME Coin 在下跌过程中仍然有很高的交易量,市场在下跌行情中还是选择了 MEME Coin。AI 是现在大类资产的主流叙事,宏观层面上 AI 的叙事会延续到加密市场。

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