鲍威尔称美联储可能“最早”在 9 月会议上降息

币界网Publicado em 2024-08-01Última atualização em 2024-08-01

币界网报道:

作者:Amara Omeokwe,Bloomberg;编译:邓通,

美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔表示,美联储最早可能在 9 月降息,此前美国央行投票决定将基准利率维持在 20 多年来的最高水平。

鲍威尔周三对记者表示:“问题在于,总体数据、不断变化的前景和风险平衡是否与通胀信心上升和劳动力市场保持稳健相一致。”“如果满足这一标准,我们最早可能在 9 月的下次会议上就降低政策利率。”

在他发表上述言论之前,联邦公开市场委员会决定将联邦基金利率维持在 5.25% 至 5.5% 的区间内,这是自去年 7 月以来一直维持的水平。

政策制定者还对在华盛顿举行为期两天的会议后发表的声明的措辞进行了几次调整,表明他们更接近降低借贷成本。值得注意的是,委员会转而表示“关注其双重使命所面临的双方风险”,而之前的措辞不再仅仅关注通胀风险。

FOMC 声明称:“近几个月来,委员会在实现 2% 通胀目标方面取得了一些进展。委员会认为,实现就业和通胀目标的风险将继续趋于平衡。”

官员们还缓和了对劳动力市场的评估,指出就业增长有所放缓,失业率有所上升,但仍处于低位。他们表示,过去一年通胀有所缓解,但仍“略高”。

不过,政策制定者仍表示,他们认为,在“更有信心”地认为通胀正在可持续地向目标靠拢之前,降低借贷成本是不合适的。

两年期美国国债收益率走低,标准普尔 500 指数当日上涨,而美元仍走低。根据期货市场的数据,9 月份降息四分之一个百分点的预期仍高于完全预期,这意味着投资者认为降息幅度可能更大。

不过,当在新闻发布会上被问及降息半个百分点的前景时,鲍威尔在新闻发布会上表示,“这不是我们现在考虑的事情”。

声明的变化巩固了包括鲍威尔在内的几位政策制定者基调的转变,他们认识到劳动力市场面临的风险越来越大。这也可能增强经济学家和投资者对央行 9 月 17 日至 18 日会议降息的预期。

鲍威尔告诉记者,他“可以想象到今年剩余时间内,降息的次数可能从零到多次不等”,“具体取决于经济的发展方式”。

美联储主席还表示,“关于在这次会议上采取何种行动,双方进行了真正的讨论”,并补充说“绝大多数人支持在这次会议上不采取行动”。

平衡风险

在两年多来将过多的注意力放在维持物价稳定这一职责上之后,官员们越来越强调美联储促进充分就业的责任。他们现在认为实现这两个目标的风险更加平衡。

鲍威尔在新闻发布会上强调了这一主题,他认为随着劳动力市场的降温,通胀意外上升的风险已经下降,而劳动力市场的下行风险“现在是真实存在的”。

虽然就业市场总体上仍保持稳固,但过去三个月失业率每个月都有所上升,6 月份达到 4.1%,为 2021 年以来的最高水平。

此外,招聘速度放缓,并更加集中在少数行业,职位空缺与失业工人的比例已恢复到 2019 年的水平。

这种趋势导致一些美联储政策制定者警告称,劳动力市场进一步放缓可能导致失业率上升,而这正是美联储希望避免的结果。

在高利率的背景下,美国经济仍保持着惊人的韧性,在健康的消费者支出下保持了稳健的增长速度。这种韧性是人们希望央行能够抑制通胀而不引发经济衰退的关键。

最近的通胀数据也更令人鼓舞,已恢复下降趋势,接近央行 2% 的目标。鲍威尔此前指出,这些数据“在一定程度上增强了信心”,相信通胀将继续降温。

美联储首选的潜在通胀指标 6 月份温和上涨 0.2%,较上年同期上涨 2.6%。

包括前美联储副主席艾伦·布林德和前纽约联储主席威廉·杜德利在内的多位前美联储官员和经济学家曾在此次会议上敦促美联储降息。

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