市场的新主题:「哈里斯交易」是什么?

深潮Publicado em 2024-07-23Última atualização em 2024-07-23

哈里斯对加密货币暂时没有明确的立场,有分析认为她很可能会延续拜登的政策。

撰文:赵颖

来源:华尔街见闻

随着拜登宣布退出 2024 美国大选,副总统哈里斯成为民主党总统提名「大热人选」。尽管哈里斯尚未正式宣布参选,但投资者已开始关注她可能带来的经济政策变化。

据媒体周二报道,一些分析师认为,哈里斯主张可能比「拜登经济学」更具进步性,例如在清洁能源议题上持有更激进立场。

与特朗普类似,哈里斯也提倡减税,不过她支持的是为中低收入人群减税。而对富人和企业,她希望能增加税收。出口方面,哈里斯反对贸易保护主义,希望能促进美国出口。

华侨银行投资策略董事总经理 Vasu Menon 认为,哈里斯赢得美国总统大选将对市场有利。在民主党的统治下,而美联储则可以在「政治上的连续性和较少的政策不确定性」下继续其货币政策。

此外,哈里斯还是一位资深投资者,投资策略以多元化和低风险为特点。哈里斯夫妇投资组合主要由多元化指数基金构成,根据 2024 年 5 月提交的政府办公室报告,哈里斯夫妇的退休账户、其他投资和现金资产总额在 290 万至 660 万美元之间。

其中,现金或货币市场账户占据了相当大比例,约 86 万至 177 万美元。在基金投资方面,哈里斯的最大持仓包括一只 Target Date 2030 ETF,持仓规模 25 万至 50 万美元,以及标普 500 指数基金和大盘成长基金。她的丈夫则主要投资于先锋、贝莱德和嘉信理财的 ETF。

以下是她的政策主张:

1. 主张为中低收入群体减税

在竞选期间,哈里斯曾提议为收入低于 10 万美元的人每月提供 500 美元的退税抵免,以取代特朗普于 2017 年推行的减税政策,这项立法提案被称为《中产阶级提升法案》。

同时她还计划提高遗产税,以资助 3000 亿美元的教师加薪计划,该计划被称为「美国历史上对教师工资的最大联邦投资」,这与拜登提高企业税率的主张有所不同。

分析表示,如果中产阶级受益,消费板块以及小盘消费类 ETF 可能会受益。

2. 加强美国出口

哈里斯曾批评特朗普的贸易政策,强调要加强美国出口。她反对特朗普的关税计划,称这些计划将增加汽油和食品杂货等消费者支出,影响中产阶级家庭。

在 2019 年末的民主党初选辩论中,哈里斯表示她支持促进美国出口,并宣称「我不是保护主义民主党人」。

若哈里斯当选,美国大型跨国公司、大型股 ETF 可能从中受益,大型跨国公司往往在全球覆盖范围较广,而且以出口为中心。

3、支持清洁能源

与拜登类似,哈里斯在气候与能源政策上的立场尤为明确。

拜登任期内的一项关键成就是签署了《通胀削减法案》(IRA),这是美国历史上最大的气候支出法案,到 2030 年或将温室气体排放量减少到 2005 年水平的 42% 以下。

作为副总统,哈里斯一直支持拜登政府的气候政策,包括通过《通胀削减法案》。她主张为环保署温室气体减排基金拨款 200 亿美元,以支持清洁能源发展。

此外,哈里斯强调加强对石油公司和其他污染企业的监管。她曾对多家化石燃料公司提起诉讼,就石油泄漏问题起诉一家管道公司,并就埃克森美孚公司在气候变化问题上是否误导公众展开调查。

4. 主张减免住房负担

哈里斯重视美国居民的负担能力问题,她提出了《租金减免法案》,为年收入低于 10 万美元的租户提供税收抵免,这可能利好美国房地产行业。

5、对加密货币无明确立场

哈里斯对加密货币暂时没有明确的立场,与国会中的其他政客不同,哈里斯从未就数字货币、代币化、区块链或 NFT 表达过立场。

不过,有分析认为,哈里斯很可能会延续拜登的政策,因为她的政治基础与拜登有联系,哈里斯的支持者大多来自拜登阵营。

6、对 AI 持有谨慎态度

从以往的发言中可以看出,哈里斯对对 AI 持有较为谨慎的态度。

哈里斯曾表示,当政府机构使用人工智能工具时,现在要求他们验证这些工具不会危及美国人民的权利和安全。

哈里斯曾于上半年会见多家美国科技龙头企业的高管,讨论人工智能的一些关键问题。她曾表示,总统拜登「期望像你们这样的公司在向公众提供产品之前,必须确保产品的安全性」。

7、对大麻持开放态度

哈里斯曾呼吁改变大麻政策,批评对其限制为「荒谬的」,她敦促美国毒品执法局(DEA)将会修改现行的大麻分类,并强调需要迅速采取行动以及重新分类的持续努力。如果哈里斯成为总统候选人,美国大麻股将受益。

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