从Base链开始,简析EVM网络占用问题

Odaily星球日报Publicado em 2024-04-17Última atualização em 2024-04-17

Resumo

垃圾数据导致的网络资源占用,存储定价任重而道远。

原文作者: Paradigm 数据研究员 Storm

编译: Odaily星球日报 Wenser

从Base链开始,简析EVM网络占用问题

编者按:网络拥堵历来是众多链上生态玩家关注的重点,Solana 的网络拥堵一度导致约四分之三的交易处理无法进行,但这一现象并非个例,包括 Base 链在内的诸多 EVM 生态都存在类似问题。Paradigm 数据研究员 Storm 基于此对这一现象做出了分析阐释,以下是他的分享内容。

低成本区块链网络的难题:网络资源垄断

大约 68% 的 Base 链网络已被效用可疑的单一协议接管。

由于其低使用成本以及存储的错误定价的问题,Base 链的现状是——少数用户垄断了大部分网络资源。这对每个低成本区块链都有着或大或小的影响。

从Base链开始,简析EVM网络占用问题

上图显示了 Base 当前的使用状态。每个矩形的大小 = 每种类型的合约使用的状态。(注:该图表的生成方法与之前关于以太坊的超高分辨率扩展研究类似)。

现存问题有哪些? 

问题一:

由于 XEN 的存在, 0.3% 的 Base 用户垄断了 67.8% 的区块链网络资源。

问题二:

状态是永久性的。Base 网络的节点现在需要永久存储并传播这些 XEN 相关的垃圾数据。 

问题三:

在重新设计 Gas 定价之前,存储滥用可能会继续。

对区块链扩容有何影响? 

无论是将区块链网络扩容到 100 倍还是 1000 倍,都需要有效利用计算资源。如此低效地消耗区块链网络的多数资源是不可行的。

糟糕程度如何? 

从绝对值角度来看,问题还比较小。Base 链的合约存储大小仅为 50 GiB 左右(与此相比,以太坊上合约存储大小为 245 GiB 左右) 。而随着时间的推移,这个问题的严重性也在逐渐降低。XEN 的份额在 10 月份达到峰值,即占用 85% 左右网络资源。

从Base链开始,简析EVM网络占用问题

问题解决了吗? 

到目前为止,还没有任何有效的缓解措施来防止未来的网络资源滥用。没有什么事情能阻止一个或十个类似 XEN 的新协议的出现,使得网络状态同样充满垃圾数据,尤其是在网络费用持续下降的情况下。

只有 Base 存在问题吗? 

并非如此。XEN 在每个主要的 EVM 链上都影响颇深。例如,XEN 现在是以太坊上最大的智能合约。在过去的一年里,它的使用量占所有以太坊网络资源的 8.8% ,现在的占比下降到了 3.5% 。

从Base链开始,简析EVM网络占用问题

XEN 是个例吗? 

XEN 只是泛例中的一个。当低成本的计算资源与投机活动相结合时,这些资源将以意想不到的方式得到使用。包括 blobscriptions、gas 代币和 Solana 的 ORE 挖矿等案例都可以归入这一类活动之中。

我们可以做些什么? 

简而言之,存储需要重新定价,以反映它给网络带来的真正负担。有很多方法可以做到这一点,这些方法对普通用户的影响程度也并不相同。但从根本上说,存储定价是困难的。

为什么存储定价很困难? 

交易中的大多数操作都很容易定价,因为它们是即时发生的。但存储活动有异于此。

一旦您支付了存储费用,该数据就会被网络「永久」存储。因此,这就像为终身订阅规划定价一样。或早或晚,每个区块链网络都需要面对这些垃圾数据的存储问题。我一直在对一些潜在的修复程序进行建模,但它仍然是一个待完成的任务。

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